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Det svenska systemet för organdonation efter döden bygger på möjligheten att göra sin vilja klar när man lever, och att den viljan respekteras när man avlidit. Om man i sitt liv inte uttryckt sig negativt kring att bli organdonator presumeras man ha samtyckt till det. Detta kallas presumerat samtycke. År 2022 sked-de en ändring i transplantationslagen (TL), där ett undantag från regeln med presumeThe Swedish system for organ donation after death is based on the possibility to express one's opinion on the matter in life, and to have that respected after one´s passing. If you have not expressed an objection to this during life, you are presumed to have consented. This is called presumed consent. In 2022 however, a legislative amendment was made to the Swedish transplantation law (TL), wh

Den här uppsatsen undersöker två pågående folkmordsfall vid ICJ, Gambia v. Myanmar och Sydafrika v. Israel. Uppsatsen använder metoden rationell rekonstruktion för att undersöka deras yttranden i relation till påståenden om folkmord, hur varje ansökan uttrycker sig och hur de utformar ländernas skyl-digheter gentemot både folkmordskonventionen och FN. Varken Gambia el-ler Sydafrika har någon inblaThis essay examines two ongoing genocide cases at the ICJ, The Gambia v. Myanmar and South Africa v. Israel. It uses the method of rational reconstruc-tion to examine their utterances in relation to claims of genocide, how each application expresses itself, and how they frame the countries obligations to-wards both the genocide convention and the UN. Neither The Gambia or South Africa have any inv

Den här uppsatsen undersöker de konstitutionella begränsningarna som gäller för EU-rättens genomslag i svensk rätt med särskilt fokus på 10 kap. 6 § RF och svenska domstolars möjlighet att utöva konstitutionella kontroll av EU rätten. Frågan är i huvudsak outforskad i svensk rätt, men har utvecklats i flera andra EU-medlemsstater. Syftet är att undersöka hur en sådan kontroll rättsligt kan tolThis thesis examines the constitutional limitations governing the domestic effect of EU law in Sweden, with particular emphasis on Chapter 10, Section 6 of the Instrument of Government and the ability of Swedish courts to exercise constitutional review of EU law. While this issue has received little attention Swedish legal discourse, it has been more extensively developed in several other EU

This thesis investigates the impact of U.S. sanctions imposed between 2010 and 2012 on Iran’s non-oil exports. Using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) as the baseline strategy, complemented by an Event Study and a standard Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model, the analysis shows that sanctions led to a sharp and persistent decline in Iran’s export performance relative to a counterfactual scenari

Axonal injuries commonly contribute to poor functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) and energy metabolic disturbances in a TBI model of widespread axonal injury, we exposed 105 adult mice to the central (midline) fluid percussion injury (cFPI) diffuse TBI model, or sham injury, and used 9.4 T magnetic resonance (MR) arterial spin labeling (AS

BACKGROUND: Head impacts are common in contact sports such as boxing and occur at times of elevated core body and brain temperatures induced by the exercise. Following impact, elevated brain temperature may lead to the development of exacerbated brain injury that can be monitored by blood biomarkers. Blood-brain biomarkers S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reflect glial injury; neur

Denna avhandling breddar rådande förståelser av stipendier och deras systematiska användning inom internationell högre utbildning genom att introducera en ny uppsättning teoretiska verktyg för att undersöka sådana satsningar. Med fokus på organisationer i Mexiko och Indonesien samt de studenter de sponsrade till svenska masterprogram mellan 2013 och 2020, utforskar studien värderingsprocesser, samThis thesis broadens prevailing understandings of scholarships and their systematic use in international higher education, introducing a novel set of theoretical tools for examining such endeavors. Focusing on organizations in Mexico and Indonesia and the students they sponsored in Swedish master’s degree programs between 2013-20, the study explores valuation processes, coordination puzzles and et

Under senare år har regeringen intensifierat arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck genom flera lagstiftningsreformer. Bland de senaste åtgärderna återfinns kriminaliseringen av oskuldskontroller, oskuldsintyg och oskulds-ingrepp. Regeringen har framhållits att dessa företeelser kränker flickors och kvinnors kroppsliga och sexuella integritet. I samband med en kriminalisering aktualiserasIn recent years, the Swedish Government has intensified its efforts to combat honour-related violence and oppression through several legislative reforms. Among the most recent measures is the criminalization of virginity testing, virginity certificates and virginity-restoring procedures. The Swedish Gov-ernment has emphasized that these practices violate the bodily and sexual in-tegrity of girls a

3:12-regelverket reglerar utdelning och kapitalvinst vid försäljning av aktier från ett fåmansföretag. Ett fåmansföretag har ett fåtal delägare som har beslutanderätt i företaget. Definitionen av ett fåmansföretag kan även uppfyllas i företag med flera delägare då dessa, under vissa förutsättningar, kan anses som en enda. Genom åren har 3:12-regelverket genomgått flera förändringar efter att ha anThe 3:12-rules regulate dividends and capital gains upon the sale of shares in a close company. A close company has a small number of shareholders who have decision rights in the company. The definition of a close company can also be fulfilled in companies with several shareholders as these, under certain conditions, are considered as one single shareholder. Over the years, the 3:12-rules have und

Uppsatsen utreder miljöorganisationers klagorätt enligt svensk rätt, med sär-skilt fokus på rättsutvecklingen efter 2020 och dess koppling till UNECE:s konvention om tillgång till information, allmänhetens deltagande i beslutspro-cesser och tillgång till rättslig prövning i miljöfrågor (Århuskonventionen). Syftet är att visa hur svenska domstolar, i ljuset av internationell rätt, har tolkat och utThis thesis examines the right of environmental non-governmental organiza-tions (ENGOs) to appeal under Swedish law, with a particular focus on legal developments after 2020 and their connection to the Aarhus Convention. The goal is to demonstrate how Swedish courts have interpreted and expanded the possibility for ENGOs to appeal decisions under the Planning and Building Act (2010:900) and the En

Uppsatsen behandlar kommunikationsplikten enligt 25 § förvaltningslagen (2017:900) med ett fokus främst på två frågor: när undantaget att kommunikation är ”uppenbart obehövlig” kan tillämpas och hur den skäliga tidsfristen för yttrande av parten bör bestämmas. Kommunikationsplikten är en grundläggande rättssäkerhetsgaranti som in-nebär att enskild part, utan egna efterforskningar, ska få ta del avThis thesis examines the duty to communicate under Section 25 of the Ad-ministrative Procedure Act (2017:900). It focuses on two main questions: when communication can be considered “manifestly unnecessary” and how the reasonable time limit for a party to respond should be decided. The duty to communicate is an important protection of legal certainty. It means that an individual should receive the

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Accurate prediction of neurological outcome and survival remains challenging. In this context, our study aimed to explore novel molecular biomarkers that could provide additional insights into the pathophysiology of brain injury after CA and potentially distinguish patients with no brain injury (CPC 1) from those with any

RATIONALE: Very preterm infants (i.e. born before 32 weeks of gestation) are at risk of cerebral injury and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation to guide clinical management. Interest in NIRS has grown in recent years, highlighting the need for better evidence to support its clinical efficacy in im

The EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) requires large companies to identify, prevent and address adverse impacts on human rights and the environment in their own operations, in subsidiaries and across the value chain. The Directive raises questions regarding as to how corporate sustainability responsibilities relate to the role of the board under Swedish company law. The p

During the early modern period Swedish society was structured by a variety of hierarchies, and the principle of filial deference, or the obedience and recognition children–young or adult–were expected to show their parents, was more or less absolute. These ideas of family hierarchy influenced marriage laws and the formal rules of who was allowed to marry whom. During the 1700s the number of applic

Mutations in the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer broad-spectrum therapeutic resistance, leading to poor outcomes. The cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc-, is one of the >200 cytoprotective proteins controlled by NRF2, which can be non-invasively imaged by (S)-4-(3-18F-fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) positron emission tomography (PET). Throu

In this study, we assess the impact of an image restoration pipeline, designed for digital mammography, on the detectability of microcalcifications of different sizes across varied radiation exposures. The restoration pipeline first removes the noise of the image considering a Poisson-Gaussian noise model that incorporates quantum and electronic noise. Then, it appropriately merges the noisy and d

Purpose: Resilience has been suggested as an important predictor of both physical and mental health-related quality of life in breastcancer patients. However, it is unclear why resilient women handle their diagnosis better, not only mentally, but also physically. Theaim of this study was to investigate paths between resilience, physical activity, and mental, physical, and global health-related qua

Now extinct, the aurochs (Bos primigenius) was a keystone species in prehistoric Eurasian and North African ecosystems, and the progenitor of cattle (Bos taurus), domesticates that have provided people with food and labour for millennia1. Here we analysed 38 ancient genomes and found 4 distinct population ancestries in the aurochs—European, Southwest Asian, North Asian and South Asian—each of whic