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Objectives There is a lack of knowledge about whether occupational exposures increase the risk of emphysema, especially in never-smokers. Our objective was to determine if occupational exposures are associated with emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity. Methods In the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), persons from the general population aged 50–64 answered a questionnaire and un
Communication in aquatic habitats commonly occurs via chemicals released from organisms. Chemical cues are used to detect prey and predators, and hence, play an important role in predator-prey interactions. Chemical cues from predators may induce morphological and behavioural responses in prey. For example, crucian carp (Carassius carassius) has demonstrated a morphologically induced defence with
Understanding material behaviour has in the past enabled human development and will continue to characterize the various stages of our future development. The use of neutrons will greatly affect several research areas, such as sustainable energy production and cancer research, due to their interaction with nuclei. Neutrons will thus interact differently depending on the specific isotope, reveal in
Att utvärdera jordens hållfasthet inför byggande av hus, vägar och broar är en mycket viktig uppgift. I Skåne består jorden till stora delar av lermorän, vilket är en jord som innehåller mycket lera, men också sand, grus och sten i olika storlekar. Denna typ av jord försvårar många gånger arbetet med att utvärdera markens egenskaper. Dock har nya metoder testats internationellt, i ett första steg The undrained shear strength of cohesive soils is an important parameter to assess in geotechnical investigations. It is normally evaluated with the cone penetration test (CPT) but problems with penetrating coarse, heterogeneous materials that is also hard, such as clay till, have pointed the interest towards other possible in-situ methods. This has led to studies assessing the possibility to eval
Amphibian populations are declining globally due to several abiotic factors such as climate, pH, water permanence and biotic factors including predation by exotic species, competition and the spread of diseases. Habitat destruction caused by humans is also an important factor. Several species of amphibian have been declining in Sweden, and in most cases explained by habitat destruction and isolati
In multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO), the complexity of the base-station scheduler has increased further compared to single-user multiple input multiple output (SU-MIMO). The scheduler must understand if several users can be spatially multiplexed in the same time-frequency resource. One way to spatially separate users is through beamforming with sufficiently many antennas. In thi
Transporten i och genom de biologiska membranerna är väldigt viktig och har många applikationer i mat- och läkemedel industrier. Dessa membranerna består av dubbel-lager av lipid molekyler. Genom att blanda två olika sorter av lipiderna diglycerolmonooleate (DGMO) och glycerol monooleate (GMO-50) med nano-partikelstabilisatorpolysorbate 80 (P80) i överskott av vatten skapar det en lipidblandning m
With the ever increasing demand for higher data rates and reliability, efficient management of cellular networks remains a challenge. Among other technologies, fifth generation systems are expected to tackle this challenge using large electronically controllable antenna arrays operating in the time division duplex mode. In such systems, spatial beamforming is implemented with accurate channel esti
Kristianstadsslätten breder ut sig i nordöstra Skåne och in i sydvästra Blekinge med sin komplicerade och varierade geologi. De komplexa förhållandena leder till att det finns ett flertal akvifärer i både jordlager och berggrund, där den mest vattenförande formationen är den av glaukonitsand. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka vilket infiltrerat vattenflöde, vid vilket pumptryck, en brunn Kristianstad plain stretches from the northeast of Scania to the southwest of Blekinge with a complicated and varying geology. The complexity has resulted in multiple aquifers in both soil and bedrock, where the highest amount of withdrawable groundwater is in the formation of glauconite sand. The aim of this paper has been to investigate which infiltrated water flow at a certain pumping pressure,
Djungeln av avloppsreningslösningar Avloppsvatten uppkommer från alla typer av verksamheter, ändå är det en fråga som som är problematisk för många. Även för ett mindre bryggeri innebär omhändertagandet av avloppsvatten många frågetecken. Vad är det egentligen som avgör vilken avloppsvattenlösning som passar för den individuella verksamheten? Intresset för öl har vuxit explosionsartat i Sverige oc
Chemical hazard assessment is a procedure in chemical regulation to set which concentrations of chemical substances that are safe to an ecological system, i.e. where a majority of the species in the systems is not negatively affected by the substance. The Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) is an assessment model to estimate hazardous concentration based on toxicity data from representative spe
Neuroblastomas (NBs) are tumours of the sympathetic nervous system accounting for 8-10% of paediatric cancers. NBs exhibit extensive intertumour genetic heterogeneity, but their extent of intratumour genetic diversity has remained unexplored. We aimed to assess intratumour genetic variation in NBs with a focus on whole chromosome changes and their underlying mechanism. Allelic ratios obtained by S
Objective We tested whether men and women in the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) high normal and normal blood pressure (BP) categories, all included in the the Seventh Joint National Committee (JNC 7) prehypertension group, share similar metabolic characteristics and whether they differ from men and women with optimal BP (<120/80 mmHg). Methods BP (multiple measurements with a standardized
Introduction: In former studies from North America early Do-Not-Resuscitate orders (DNR orders) in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) had negative prognostic impact on mortality. The influence of DNR orders on functional outcome and whether DNR orders are grounded on relevant patient characteristics is unknown. We aimed to determine the frequency and predictive factors of DNR-orders and
Background: Patients living under better socioeconomic circumstances often receive more active treatments after an acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) compared to less affluent patients. However, most previous studies were performed in countries with less comprehensive coverage for medical services. In this Swedish nation- wide longitudinal study we wanted to evaluate long- term survival after AMI
This article deals with application of turbulent jet ignition technique to heavy duty multi-cylinder natural gas engine for mobile application. Pre-chamber spark plugs are identified as a promising means of achieving turbulent jet ignition as they require minimal engine modification with respect to component packaging in cylinder head and the ignition system. Detailed experiments were performed wi
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to examine the association of demographic factors, lupus phenotype and therapy exposure with the presence of MetS. Methods The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Registry for Atherosclerosis inception cohort enrolled recently diagnosed (<15months)
Background-Although the heritability of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFl) has been determined, the familial risk in multiplex families is unclear. The main aim of this nationwide study was to determine the familial risk of AF/AFl in multiplex families. Methods and Results-We examined the familial risk of AF/AFl in the entire Swedish population. We linked Multigeneration Register data on
Background: The relationship between smoking and an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well known. Whether smokeless tobacco (snuff) is related to myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke is still controversial. Aim of this study was to explore whether snuff users have an increased incidence of MI or stroke. Methods: A total of 16 754 women and 10 473 men (aged 45-73 years), without his
The potential effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use are not well understood among BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) deleterious mutation carriers with a history of breast cancer. We investigated the association between OC and PMH use and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in the WECARE (Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology) Study. The WECARE Study
