BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer presents as advanced disease in >80% of patients; yet, appropriate ages to consider prevention and early detection strategies are poorly defined. We investigated age-specific associations and attributable risks of pancreatic cancer for established modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 167 483 participants from two prospective US

PURPOSE: To assess whether higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with improved outcomes in colon cancer and whether circulating inflammatory cytokines mediate such association.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Plasma samples were collected from 1,437 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a phase III randomized clinical trial (CALGB/SWOG 80702) from 2010 to 2015, who were followed

Object. Acromegaly is a disease that has significant morbidity and mortality related to high levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and is usually caused by pituitary adenomas. The goal in this study was to investigate the role of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery and surgical experience in the treatment of GH adenoma cases in relation to surgical results and horm

Purpose: Catheter-related infection is a major complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in children. The aim of this study is to determine inflammatory response and the efficacy of polypropylene-grafted polyethylene glycol (PP-g- PEG) copolymer and silver nanoparticle-embedded PP-g- PEG (Ag-PP-g-PEG) polymer-coated ventricular catheters on the prevention of catheter-related infections on a new e

In order to understand peripheral nerve dysfunction, and to follow neuronal regeneration, basic sciences of the peripheral nerve should be understood completely. A surgeon who operates on "nerves" uses this knowledge, especially the organization of the peripheral nerve, in nerve reconstructions. When a nerve has been injured, the goal of surgical repair is generally to reapproximate the ends of th

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is emerging as a minimally invasive and maximally effective procedure for pituitary adenomas. In this report we analyzed the complications in 624 procedures of endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of 570 patients with pituitary adenomas. The leading author (MB) operated pituitary adenomas via pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surg

Microbial bioelastomers prepared by the autoxidation of the unsaturated medium-long chain length copoly- 3-hydroxyalkanoate's (mlcl-PHAs) based on soybean oily acids (Sy) have been reported. Pseudomonas oleovorans were grown on a series of the mixture of octanoic acid (OA) and Sy with the weight ratio of 20:80, 28:72 and 50:50 in order to obtain unsaturated mlcl-copolyesters coded PHO-Sy-2080, PHO

We describe the synthesis and characterization of gold clusters embedded into poly (3-hydroxy octanoate-co-3-hydroxy-10-undecenoate) (PHOU), and evaluated the tissue response of the material upon implantation onto muscle tissue (rat). For this aim, PHOU was obtained by Pseudomonas oleovorans from octanoic acid (OA) and 10-undecenoic acid (UA) with a weight ratio of 50:50. The unsaturated co-polyes

Biomaterials have played an important role in the treatment of disease and the improvement of health care. Synthetic and naturally occurring biodegradable and biocompatible polymers have been used as biomaterials. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising materials for biomedical applications because they are biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible. We will shortly summarize the modification r

OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that is challenging to detect at an early stage. Biomarkers are needed that can detect PDAC early in the course of disease when interventions lead to the best outcomes. We highlight study design and statistical considerations that inform pancreatic cancer early detection biomarker evaluation.METHODS: We describe experim

This article offers a moral and logical critique of human rights minimalism, by which is meant an account that restricts human rights to a level of sufficiency above or beyond which inequalities have no moral relevance, and which makes duties prior to rights, such that rights are dependent on assumed or actual institutional capacities. The argument is that human rights minimalism fails by its own

This paper argues that in many contexts where effectiveness analysis such as benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis is used, we have good reason to think that some benefits or costs are incommensurable invalue such that neither can be determined to be better than the other, although they cannot be determined to beequally good either. Two responses to such value incommensurability ar

Context. The increased brightness temperature of young rocky protoplanets during their magma ocean epoch makes them potentially amenable to atmospheric characterization at distances from the Solar System far greater than thermally equilibrated terrestrial exoplanets, offering observational opportunities for unique insights into the origin of secondary atmospheres and the near surface conditions of

Planets form and obtain their compositions from the leftover material present in protoplanetary disks of dust and gas surrounding young stars. The chemical make-up of a disk influences every aspect of planetary composition, including their overall chemical properties, volatile content, atmospheric composition and potential for habitability. This Review discusses our knowledge of the chemical and i

Rapporten undersøger, hvordan streaming påvirker danske forfatteres økonomi og vilkår med fokus på forskelle mellem genrer, udgivelsesstrategier og markedspositioner. Streaming medfører overordnet, at man går fra sælge en vare (en bog) i boghandlen, til at sælge adgang til et katalog af bogtitler på en streamingplatform. Forlag og forfattere får betaling for værket baseret på brug, det vil sige, h

Krönika om situationen för forskning och högra utbildning i USA.