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Train delays are often monitored using lag indicators of achieved punctuality levels, but indicators can also be used proactively aslead indicators to help reach a certain level of punctuality. In this paper, two lead indicators – the share of delayed dwell times andthe share of delayed run times – are formulated and tested on Swedish commuter train data for the years 2001-2020. Results showthat iTrain delays are often monitored using lag indicators of achieved punctuality levels, but indicators can also be used proactively as lead indicators to help reach a certain level of punctuality. In this paper, two lead indicators – the share of delayed dwell times and the share of delayed run times – are formulated and tested on Swedish commuter train data for the years 2001-2020. Results show tha

We consider the fundamental problem of assigning distinct labels to agents in the probabilistic model of population protocols. Our protocols operate under the assumption that the size n of the population is embedded in the transition function. Their efficiency is expressed in terms of the number of states utilized by agents, the size of the range from which the labels are drawn, and the expected n

Background:Traditional primary care is characterized by patient consultations via phone and physical visits. However, the current development in Swedish primary care is to blend digital solutions with traditional solutions. This paper addresses this development by examining the normalization of embedding and integrating a digital health care platform into everyday care routines in a primary care cBackground:Traditional primary care is characterized by patient consultations via phone and physical visits. However, the current development in Swedish primary care is to blend digital solutions with traditional solutions. This paper addresses this development by examining the normalization of embedding and integrating a digital health care platform into everyday care routines in a primary care c

Purpose: To study retinal appearance and morphology in Labrador retrievers (LRs) heterozygous and homozygous for an ABCA4 loss-of-function mutation.Methods: Ophthalmic examination, including ophthalmoscopy and simple testing of vision, was performed in five ABCA4wt/wt, four ABCA4wt/InsC, and six ABCA4InsC/InsC LRs. Retinas were also examined with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and o

Human aquaporin 10 (hAQP10) is an aquaglyceroporin that assists in maintaining glycerol flux in adipocytes during lipolysis at low pH. Hence, a molecular understanding of the pH-sensitive glycerol conductance may open up for drug development in obesity and metabolically related disorders. Control of hAQP10-mediated glycerol flux has been linked to the cytoplasmic end of the channel, where a unique

PURPOSE: To compare two aflibercept treatment regimens and the electrophysiological outcome concerning cone and rod function in age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) over 18 months.METHODS: 41 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD were randomized 1:1 to either arm 1 or 2. Arm 1 received three consecutive monthly aflibercept injections, followed by bimonthly treatment until week 52. Thereafter, a tr

Background: The aggressive nature of breast cancers detected between planned mammographic screens, so-called interval cancers, remains elusive. Here, we aim to characterise underlying molecular features of interval cancer. Methods: From 672 patients with invasive breast cancer, we analysed gene expression differences between 90 ‘true’ interval cancer cases (i.e. women with low-dense breasts define

PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal function in children taking vigabatrin and to explore the influence of age and dose parameters on the results of full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG).METHODS: The ff-ERGs from 14 children receiving vigabatrin were compared with ff-ERGs from healthy controls. Treated children were further grouped according to age (pre-school = 12-71 months; older = 72-228 months). Pa

Background & aims: Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers. Methods: During 18–24 weeks of inter

The presentation and underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is complex and heterogeneous. Recent studies attempted to stratify T2D into distinct subgroups using data-driven approaches, but their clinical utility may be limited if categorical representations of complex phenotypes are suboptimal. We apply a soft-clustering (archetype) method to characterize newly diagnosed T2D based on

This paper pinpoints some of the problems faced when a computer text production model (COMMENTATOR) is to produce spontaneous speech, in particular the problem of chunking the utterances in order to get natural prosodic units. The paper proposes a buffer model which allows the accumulation and delay of phonetic material until a chunk of the desired size has been built up. Several phonetic studies

Extremophiles, the microorganisms inhabiting different extreme environments char-acterized by high or low temperature, high or low pH, high salt concentration, high pressure, high radiation, etc. or combinations thereof, have developed unique strate-gies for adapting and thriving in such environments. Studies on extremophiles have been pursued with great interest to determine the mechanisms of ada