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Question: What is the interrater agreement of EEG interpretation in adult comatose post cardiac arrest patients using the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) standardized critical care EEG terminology? Methods: The EEG-data were obtained from patients included in the Target Temperature Management trial (TTM), an international, multicenter, clinical trial of temperature management in c
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of a surgical site infection (SSI) in dermatologic surgery can be entirely based on a subjective assessment according to the 4th criterion of the most common definition of an SSI, which was established by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).OBJECTIVES: To investigate the interobserver agreement between dermatologists in their diagnosis of SSI of dermatosurgical wounds.ME
Popular science summaryMycorrhizal associations Mycorrhizal fungi are organisms that live in association with plant roots and provide plants with water and nutrients in exchange for the sugars obtained during photosynthesis. In forested ecosystems mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for tree nutrition and trees rely heavily on these associations to take up key elements like nitrogen and phosphorus. As rHigh levels of nitrogen (N) deposition might result in a transition from N to phosphorus (P) limitation in high latitude forests. Thiscould have fundamental consequences for forest production, nutrient acquisition and nutrient leaching.I studied a Norway spruce forest in a region of high N deposition in southwest Sweden and added N, P or N+P to force thesystem to N or P limitation. I studied tree
The breaking with regime logics is one of the key leverage points to enable a socio-technical transition. Understanding how, and under what conditions, this may happen is thus an important task for transition studies. Recent research on socio-technical regimes has shown that they may be less geographically bound than previously assumed. Regimes may instead be replicated and reinforced globally thr
Companies are extremely good at defining their product brands. Customers, employees, and other stakeholders know exactly what an iPhone is and means. But organizations are often less sure-footed when it comes to the corporate brand. What does the parent company’s name really stand for, and how is it perceived and leveraged in the marketplace and within the company itself?A clear, unified corporate
In this paper we re-visit a recent theoretical idea introduced by Phillips and Lee (2015). They examine an empirically relevant situation when multiple time series under consideration exhibit different degrees of non-stationarity. By bridging the asymptotic theory of the local to unity and mildly explosive processes, they construct a Wald test for the commonality of the long-run behavior of two se
Although grade inflation is unfair and may imply inefficient allocation of human resources, current knowledge of grade inflation effects on individual outcomes is scarce. One explanation is probably the challenge of measuring and estimating causal grade inflation effects. This study examines the consequences of grade inflation at the upper secondary education level on enrolment in higher education
Chamber measurements of trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere have been conducted for almost a century. Different chamber techniques, including static and dynamic, have been used with varying degrees of success in estimating greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes. However, all of these have certain disadvantages which have either prevented them from providing an adequate es
Historical wage studies have never been able to truly or accurately address the changes in the working year. Real wages have almost always been based on the wages of unskilled and casual laborers, typically paid by the day. Their annual incomes are not clear or obvious – the income is directly dependent on how many days they work. Implicitly the literature has assumed that the number of days worke
Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between sick-listed patients’ return to work (RTW) expectancy and how they perceive that their physicians evaluate their ability and volition for RTW.Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression controlling for sociodemographic factors and pain characteristics was carried out on cross-sectional data from 205 participants (mean age= 47.24±9.66 years, 8
High temperatures generated in machining are known to facilitate oxidation wear. A controlled atmosphere chamber was developed to investigate the effects of oxygen on tool wear and high speed machining tests were conducted on air and in argon. Cemented carbide, cermet and cubic boron nitride tooling was used on alloyed steel, hardened tool steel and superalloy Alloy 718. Machining in argon resulte
Results of the study of cutting speed and tool wear influence on the vibrations and their nature during machining superalloy Inconel 718 with low cBN content (cBN-L) and binderless pcBN (bcBN) tools are presented. Cutting speed was varied from 2 to 14 m/sec while other cutting conditions were constant. The process evolution was studied with the wavelet transform of tool acceleration spectra. Behav
Residual stresses induced by machining operations can be critical for the performance and lifetime of the machined components. Tis paper investigated the influence of cutting conditions, including the use of cutting fluid, cutting speed and tool flank wear, on the residual stresses in high speed turning of Inconel 718 alloy. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed characteristic residual stress di
The use of a polar diagram method for describing and evaluating the machinability of Inconel 718 was explored. Five key parameters of the work material, representing the mechanical and physical properties which have strongest influence on its machinability, were employed in the diagrams. These five parameters were integrated into a single polar diagram, used to describe the machinability of Incone
This work presents a diagraph method for the description and predication of the potential machinability of work materials. In the method, a radar chart with five axes was used to examine the machinability of different work materials and each axis representing a behavior or property, i.e. abrasiveness or hardness of workpiece material by grading the 5 different machinability properties. Such charts
The nanoindentation in the continuous stiffness measurement mode was used to investigate the onset of plasticity at the nanodeformation of cubic boron nitride (cBN). This technique allows us to reveal an elastic-plastic transition in the contact and to measure the yield strength of cBN at the nanoscale. An abrupt elastoplastic transition (a pop-in) was observed in the (111) cBN single crystal as a
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors in 195 countries, territories, and regions by sex and 20 age categories in
Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey, predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness-having chromatic and achromatic contrast to the background or to other objects. Visual models are powerful tools to investigate contrast detection, but need to be calibrated by experimental data to provide robust predictions. The
