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Background. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital malformations has been the subject of many studies. Most of these are hospital-based studies over a limited period of years presenting high detection rates and also relatively high incidence of major malformations. We present here a large population-based study over a long period of years. Methods. The prenatal diagnoses are com

Quantitative measurements of the effects of irradiation on normal tissues in humans have been hard to obtain because most tissues are inaccessible and/or direct responses are difficult to quantify in a nondestructive manner. Pneumonitis and fibrotic lung disease are adverse effects seen in varying intensity in patients treated with radiotherapy for carcinomas of the thorax, e.g., breast cancer. In

In order to simplify and/or improve determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) the clearances of iohexol, 51Cr-EDTA and endogenous creatinine were simultaneously determined with different techniques in 21 anesthetized landrace pigs. Their GFR had been reduced to about 1/3 or less of normal GFR. After an intravenous bolus of the GFR markers, their plasma concentration curves were followed fo

The diastereomers (1-(2S)-[(2R) (3E,5Z)-5-bromo-7-methyl-3,5-octadien-2-yl]-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrol-2yl) methanol (6) and (1-(2S)-[(2S)(3E,5Z)-5-bromo-7-methyl-3, 5-octadien-2-yl] tetrahydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) methanol 7) were formed in a 65:35 ratio from 3-bromo-5-ethyl-2-isopropylthiophene, 1,1-dioxide (5) and L-prolinol. (5R,5aS,8R,9R,9aS,9bS)-Ethyl 7-bromo-8-isopropyl-5-methyl-2,3 ,5,5a,8,9,9a,9b-oc

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to play a prominent role in atherogenesis and destabilization of plaque. Pericellularly localized membrane-type (MT)-MMPs activate secreted MMPs. We investigated the hypothesis that MT3-MMP is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and is regulated by locally produced inflammatory cytokines and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL).

Om arkeologi i 'upplevelse-samhället'

Mould problems in buildings have become a growing concern during the past decades. The growth of mould fungi indoors deteriorates air quality, influences human health and causes economical losses. Preventing mould growth from occurring is a more cost effective option than cleaning and renovation of buildings with mould problems. Mould growth will occur in buildings when there are moisture problem

Popular Abstract in Swedish Rheumatoid Artrit (RA) och Multipel Skleros (MS) är autoimmuna sjukdomar som drabbar ca 1 % respective 0.2 % av den nordeuropeiska befolkningen där kvinnor drabbas oftare än män. Dessa sjukdomar orsakas av att immunförsvaret attackerar kroppsegen vävnad. En fortgående inflammation förstör vävnaden och leder till nedsatt funktion. I RA angrips framför allt leder kan bli Autoimmune diseases are dependent on multiple genes and unknown environmental factors. Great efforts in the identification of genes conferring susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have recently been rewarding. A few genes have so far been associated to several autoimmune disorders and the understanding of the role of these genes in the pa

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vilken roll staten kan och bör spela för att få till stånd ekonomisk utveckling hör till den ekonomiska vetenskapens äldsta debatter. Trots detta har tidigare forskning ofta fokuserat på hur en rad statliga interventioner påverkar den statiska effektiviteten. Få studier har försökt studera hur statlig intervention och en aktiv näringspolitik påverkar så kallad dynamisk What role the state should and can play in bringing about economic development is one of the longest standing debates in the economic sciences. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on how a variety of industrial policies affect static efficiency. Few studies have tried to analyze how industrial policy and government intervention affects dynamic efficiency, i.e. an economy's ability to generat

The scattered-photon part of pencil-beam dose kernels for high-energy x-ray beams can be derived experimentally by differentiating the broad-beam scatter-to-primary dose ratio as a function of radius. Formally, this requires a uniform and parallel beam, and the procedure is complicated by the nonideal, actual beam conditions: the primary dose profile is not uniform, the beam quality is not constan

HIV disease progression and the effect of replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) were studied in 100 Swedish haemophiliacs, mean age at seroconversion 29 years (range, 4-72). On average 16 years after seroconversion, 67 per cent of the patients had CD4+ cell counts of < 200 x 10(6)/l, 50 per cent had developed AIDS, and 58 per cent had died. HIV disease progression was signif

We consider the problem of computing a minimum weight pseudo-triangulation of a set S of n points in the plane. We first present an O(n log n)-time algorithm that produces a pseudo-triangulation of weight O(log n - wt(M(S))) which is shown to be asymptotically worst-case optimal, i.e., there exists a point set S for which every pseudo-triangulation has weight 0 (log n - wt(M(S))), where wt(.M(S))

Background: In a microarray experiment the difference in expression between genes on the same slide is up to 103 fold or more. At low expression, even a small error in the estimate will have great influence on the final test and reference ratios. In addition to the true spot intensity the scanned signal consists of different kinds of noise referred to as background. In order to assess the true spo

We consider the log-likelihood function of hidden Markov models, its derivatives and expectations of these (such as different information functions). We give explicit expressions for these functions and bound them as the size of the chain increases. We apply our bounds to obtain partial second order asymptotics and some qualitative properties of a special model as well as to extend some results