The impact of torture on the distribution of psychiatric disorders among refugees is unknown.We surveyed a population-based sample of 418 tortured and 392 nontortured Bhutanese refugees living in camps in Nepal. Trained interviewers assessed International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) disorders through structured diagnostic psychiatric interviews.Except for male sex, history o

A reliable and valid measure is needed for assessing the psychological symptoms experienced in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Previous research suggests that trauma victims typically experience dissociative, anxiety and other symptoms, during or shortly after a traumatic event. Although some of these symptoms may protect the trauma victim from pain, they may also lead to acute stress, posttra

This paper focuses on the on-going doctoral research of the writer. Specifically, the topic of this article is on the methodology, the theoretical approach and the first steps of the research. The general aim is the contribution of 3D documentation and the 3D digital approach to the stylistic and typological study of archaeological collections. The study is applied to the collection of the Ayia Ir

The overall kinetics for manganese(II/III) catalyzed autoxidation of dissolved sulfur dioxide has been studied by UV-vis spectrophotometry. A free-radical mechanism has been proposed, and the rate constant for one of the key reactions between manganese(II) and peroxomonosulfate has been determined by pulse radiolysis. Previous literature on manganese catalyzed autoxidation of SO2(aq) has been thor

X-Ray absorption edge and EXAFS spectra of the solvated cations of platinum(II) in water, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile and of palladium(II) in dimethyl sulfoxide have been recorded and analyzed. The cations are four-coordinated. Pt-O in Pt(H2O)4(2+) is 2.01(1) angstrom and Pt-N in Pt(CH3CN)4(2+) is 2.00(1) angstrom. The dimethyl sulfoxide solvated cations of both platinum and palladium contX-Ray absorption edge and EXAFS spectra of the solvated cations of platinum(II) in water, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile and of palladium(II) in dimethyl sulfoxide have been recorded and analyzed. The cations are four-coordinated. Pt-O in Pt(H2O)4(2+) is 2.01(1) angstrom and Pt-N in Pt(CH3CN)4(2+) is 2.00(1) angstrom. The dimethyl sulfoxide solvated cations of both platinum and palladium cont

Crystals of [Pt{(CH3)2S}4](CF3SO3)2, M(r) = 741.76, and [Pt(C4H8OS)4](CF3SO3)2.H2O, M(r) = 927.93, were prepared by dissolution of platinum(II) hydroxide in solutions of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in dimethyl sulfide and 1,4-thioxane, respectively. The structures were determined from X-ray intensity data (Mo K-alpha, lambda = 0.7107 angstrom) collected at room temperature with a CAD-4 diffracto

Ligand exchange on square-planar Pt(1,4-dithiane)2(2+), Pd(1,4-dithiane)2(2+), and Pt(Me2S)4(2+) has been studied as a function of temperature and pressure by H-1 NMR line-broadening, isotopic labeling, and magnetization transfer experiments with deuteriated nitromethane as solvent. Second-order rate constants and activation parameters are as follows: for 1,4-dithiane exchange on Pt(1,4-dithiane)2Ligand exchange on square-planar Pt(1,4-dithiane)2(2+), Pd(1,4-dithiane)2(2+), and Pt(Me2S)4(2+) has been studied as a function of temperature and pressure by H-1 NMR line-broadening, isotopic labeling, and magnetization transfer experiments with deuteriated nitromethane as solvent. Second-order rate constants and activation parameters are as follows: for 1,4-dithiane exchange on Pt(1,4-dithiane)2

06-methylated guanine dinucleotides were used to study the influence of hydrogen bonding on the specific binding of the antitumor drug cDDP, cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, to DNA. In this interaction, the guanine-06 site appears to be important in explaining the preference for a pGpG-N7(1),N7(2) chelate, which results from H-bridge formation with the ammine ligand of cDDP. Guanine-06 methylated dinucleotides an06-methylated guanine dinucleotides were used to study the influence of hydrogen bonding on the specific binding of the antitumor drug cDDP, cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, to DNA. In this interaction, the guanine-06 site appears to be important in explaining the preference for a pGpG-N7(1),N7(2) chelate, which results from H-bridge formation with the ammine ligand of cDDP.Guanine-06 methylated dinucleotides and

Crystals of trans-diiodobis(tetrahydrothiophene)-palladium(II) and trans-diiodobis(tetrahydrothiophene)platinum(II) were prepared by dissolving the appropriate metal iodide in tetrahydrothiophene at 353 K and cooling to room temperature. Crystal data at room temperature (Mo K-alpha, lambda = 0.7107-angstrom) are: [PdI2(C4H8S)2], M(r) = 536.54, triclinic, P1BAR, a = 8.4920 (8), b = 8.8248 (1), c =

High pressure NMR and stopped-flow techniques have been employed to study a series of water exchange and complex formation reactions of Pd(II) outlined in (1) and (2). The volumes of activation show an interesting correlation with the partial molar volume of the entering ligand and underline the operation of an associative substitution mechanism in all cases.High pressure NMR and stopped-flow techniques have been employed to study a series of water exchange and complex formation reactions of Pd(II) outlined in (1) and (2). The volumes of activation show an interesting correlation with the partial molar volume of the entering ligand and underline the operation of an associative substitution mechanism in all cases.

This thesis addresses problems which require low-rank solutions under convex constraints. In particular, the focus lies on model reduction of positive systems, as well as finite dimensional optimization problems that are convex, apart from a low-rank constraint. Traditional model reduction techniques try to minimize the error between the original and the reduced system. Typically, the resulting re

In this work, GaN/InGaN/GaN nanocolumns (NCs) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Selective area growth (SAG) and self-organized growth (SOG) were performed simultaneously in patterned and unpatterned regions of the same substrate, respectively. The resulting structures show different tip morphologies and structural properties due to the different polarity along the growth direction, namely

The aims of this article are (1) to critically review the theoretical arguments and contribution of the knowledge base approach to economic geography and innovation studies, and the value added and limitations of applying it in empirical studies as reported about in the extant literatures; (2) to propose a new interpretation of the knowledge base approach by integrating it into a larger analytical

Structure and dynamics at soft-matter interfaces play an important role in nature and technical applications. Optical single-molecule investigations are noninvasive and capable to reveal heterogeneities at the nanoscale. In this work we develop an autocorrelation function (ACF) approach to retrieve tracer diffusion parameters obtained from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) experiments in

A sorption calorimetry study of cationic cetyltrimethyl ammonium surfactants with four different counterions was performed. The counterions were acetate, succinate, citrate, and butyl tetracarboxylate with formal charges ranging from 1 to 4, respectively. The counterions with 2-4 charges can be considered as oligomers. In all the cases, hydration experiments started with dry solid phases that upon

This work reports new experimental radiative lifetimes of six 3d2(3F)5s levels in singly ionized titanium, with an energy around 63 000 cm-1 and four 3d2(3F)4p odd parity levels where we confirm previous investigations. Combining the new 5s lifetimes with branching fractions measured previously by Pickering et al., we report 57 experimental log gf values for transitions from the 5s levels. The lif

In aqueous systems with immobilized macromolecules, including biological tissue, the longitudinal spin relaxation of water protons is primarily induced by exchange-mediated orientational randomization (EMOR) of intra- and intermolecular magnetic dipole-dipole couplings. Starting from the stochastic Liouville equation, we have developed a non-perturbative theory that can describe relaxation by the