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The tourism industry is likely to face significant challenges stemming from climate change and fluctuations in travel costs. This study investigates the potential impacts of these factors on tourism demand in Fjord Norway, and shows that both environmental conditions and travel expenses play a substantial role in influencing tourism demand. However, tourists exhibit a higher sensitivity to variati
Throughout the past decade, neural network-based vision has been increasingly integrated into robots. It is well-known, however, that neural networks can be unreliable, especially when faced with inputs that differ from their training data. With the goal of making neural network-based vision more reliable for robotic applications, this thesis explores uncertainty estimation, and adaptability.A
First sphere engineering has enabled potent artificial phosphatases, but strategies that generate enzyme-like second-sphere effects with simple disordered materials remain limited. Here we demonstrate that partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA80, 80% hydrolyzed) acts as a minimalist soft matter scaffold that amplifies the hydrolytic activity of hydrated Zn(II). Rather than functioning a
Det här är den andra rapporten i det treåriga forskningsprojektet Kommunikativa organisationer 2.0. Rapporten baseras på tidigare forskning samt intervjuer med 47 personer inom tre olika organisationer. I denna rapport fokuseras chefer och medarbetare i ett verksamhetsnära perspektiv. I rapportens första del ges en övergripande bild av tidigare forskning om ledarskap och det hybrida arbetslivet. D
The socioeconomic health gradient has widened since the mid-21st century, but the role of childhood neighborhoods remains underexplored. Most neighborhood studies on health are cross-sectional, and longitudinal research is lacking.We analyze how socioeconomic neighborhood conditions in childhood influence cause-specific deaths in adulthood. We use uniquely detailed geocoded longitudinal microdata
This thesis contributes to the development of the proposed NNBAR experiment at theEuropean Spallation Source (ESS), which aims to search for free neutron-antineutron oscillations with unprecedented experimental sensitivity. Achieving this goal requires both an intense beam of cold neutrons and a detector capable of reconstructing the pionic final state expected from antineutron annihilation on a c
The aim of this paper is to explore the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the Takituduh Bunun (Austronesian: Central Taiwan) motion prefix u-, glossed as MOT. One central function of this prefix is to encode translocative motion. It can attach to a general locative marker, location nouns, nouns that denote places, and place names to derive a verbal constituent that encodes translocative m
Background and aims Secondary prevention medications after myocardial infarction (MI) are crucial for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events, however, adherence is often suboptimal. This study aimed to investigate predictors of adherence, and clinical outcomes among STEMI and NSTEMI survivors in Sweden. Methods This nationwide cohort study included patients hospitalized with MI between 2017
There is increasing evidence that over-production of reactive species (RS) constitutes a significant physiological cost for migrating birds. The current view entails that RS during migration originate primarily from increased metabolic activity associated with prolonged flights and refueling. In this review, we argue that there is another substantial, yet mostly overlooked, source for RS in migrat
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum is limited by a substantial overpotential, which hampers the efficiency of fuel cell technologies. While adsorbate binding energies have been widely used to explain ORR kinetics, we here illustrate a more complex role of platinum surface oxides, which are often ambiguously defined in the literature. We use operando total reflection X-ray absorption f
Under electrochemical polarization, many electrocatalysts can undergo oxidation that alters their reactivity and can lead to restructuring and dissolution. In this context, the structure-property relationships of electrocatalysts, as well as their kinetics and dynamic behaviour, are still poorly understood. This knowledge gap mainly relies on the limitations of many traditional spectroscopic and s
Insulin regulates cellular glucose uptake by changing the amount of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in the plasma membrane through stimulation of GLUT4 exocytosis. However, how the particular trafficking, tethering, and fusion steps are regulated by insulin is still debated. In a 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, the Exocyst complex and its Exo70 subunit were shown to critically affect GLUT4 exocytosis. H
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several studies have suggested that large fat cells are less responsive to insulin than small fat cells. However, in these studies, large fat cells from obese individuals were compared with smaller fat cells from leaner participants, in effect making it impossible to draw conclusions about whether there is a causal relationship between fat cell size and insulin sensitivity. We hyp
Adipocytes provide an organism with fuel in times of caloric deficit, and are an important type of endocrine cell in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In addition, as a lipid-sink, adipocytes serve an equally important role in the protection of organs from the damaging effects of ectopic lipid deposition. For the organism, it is of vital importance to maintain adipocyte viability, yet the
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins are the main regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins possess a hydrophobic tail-anchor enabling them to translocate to their target membrane and to shift into an active conformation where they inhibit pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to ensure cell survival. To address the unknown molecular basis of their cell-protecting functionality, we
Adipocytes are primary targets for insulin control of metabolism. The activated insulin receptor phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), which acts as a docking protein for downstream signal mediators. In the absence of insulin stimulation, IRS1 in rat adipocytes is intracellular but in human adipocytes IRS1 is constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane. Stimulation of adipocytes w
