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In this paper, a virtual sensor for the estimation of the injected pilot mass in-cycle is proposed. The method provides an early estimation of the pilot mass before its combustion is finished. Furthermore, the virtual sensor can also estimate pilot masses when its combustion is incomplete. The pilot mass estimation is conducted by comparing the calculated heat release from in-cylinder pressure mea
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), used to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), has been a well-established technology in the power plant industry for several decades. The SNCR technique is an aftertreatment strategy based on thermal reduction of NOx at high temperatures. In the compression ignition engine application, the technology has not been applicable due to low exhaust temp
Photo-generated charge carrier dynamics in Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskites with linear (n-BA) and branched (iso-BA) butylamine as spacing cations have been studied by using transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies. Both n-BA and iso-BA perovskites consist of mixed-phase 2D quantum wells with various layer thicknesses, where the photo-generated charges undergo inter-
Value is an inescapable part of the human experience and what life must be like for a conscious and feeling person. Philosophical questions about value are therefore naturally invited: What sort of thing would value be if it were part of the furniture of the world? How should we understand the relations that value is thought to stand in to other things? In a broad sense, these are formal questions
Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clusters in families, but the familial risk of IBS has not been determined in adoptees. Studying adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents is a strong study design for separating genetic from environmental causes of familial clustering. This nationwide study aimed to separate the biological (genetic) and familial environmental contribution to the
OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are associated with VTE has not been determined. This nationwide study aimed to determine the risk of VTE in IBS outpatients in primary and specialist care.DESIGN: We performed two matched case-control studies. Cases (n
The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway and high levels of BCAA transaminase 1 (BCAT1) have recently been associated with aggressiveness in several cancer entities. However, the mechanistic role of BCAT1 in this process remains largely uncertain. Here, by performing high-resolution proteomic analysis of human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) stem-cell and non-stem-cell populations, we find the B
During the second week of August, 1,000 Swedes were asked via telephone about their opinions on the use of security cameras in public spaces. Ninety percent of the public were positive when asked the question “What do you think about surveillance cameras in public spaces?” – 49% stat- ing that they are “very positive” and 41% “quite positive”. Furthermore, 72% of the respondents stated that there During the second week of August, 1,000 Swedes were asked via telephone about their opinions on the use of security cameras in public spaces. Ninety percent of the public were positive when asked the question “What do you think about surveillance cameras in public spaces?” – 49% stat- ing that they are “very positive” and 41% “quite positive”. Furthermore, 72% of the respondents stated that there
Under första veckan av april 2018 genomfördes 1000 telefonintervjuer på temat allmänhetens atti- tyd till användandet av bevakningskameror på gator och torg. 90% av allmänheten svarade positivt när de ställdes frågan ”Vad tycker du om bevakningskameror på allmän plats?” uppdelat på 49% som ställde sig mycket positiva och 41% som ställde sig ganska positiva. Vidare ansåg 72% av de tillfrågade att d
During the first week of April, 1,000 Swedes were asked via telephone about their opinions on the use of surveillance cameras in public spaces. Ninety percent (90%) of the public were positive when asked the question “What do you think about surveillance cameras in public spaces?” – 49% stating that they are “very positive” and 41% “quite positive”. Furthermore, 72% of the respond- ents stated tha
Are entrepreneurial cultures stable over time? In this paper, we use historicalmeasures of the outgrowth of entrepreneurial culture in China and test whether these correlate with entrepreneurial activities today. We employ provincial panel data from China documenting the regional distribution of entrepreneurial activities during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) and pri
Sudden cardiac arrest is the second most common cause of death in Sweden, following tumors. Annually, 10 000 people are subject to sudden cardiac arrest outside of hospital in the country.Following sudden cardiac arrest, blood circulation in the body ceases, and the brain is subject to irreversible damage within minutes. The treatment consists mainly of mechanical chest compressions to circulate b
Vitiation refers to the condition where the oxygen concentration in the air is reduced due to the mix of dilution gas. The vitiation effects on a premixed methane flame were investigated on a swirl-stabilized gas turbine model combustor under atmospheric pressure. The main purpose is to analyze the combustion stability and CO emission performance in vitiated air and compare the results with the fl
Cementproduktion står idag för en ansenlig andel av världens koldioxidutsläpp, vilket driver utvecklingen av bindemedel med lägre koldioxidutsläpp. För utsläppen i ett längre perspektiv är dock de nya bindemedlens beständighet absolut avgörande. De flesta nedbrytningsmekanismer är direkt relaterade till både fukt- och jontransport. Dessa processer har undersökts i många studier, men huvudsakligen Cement production is responsible for a significant portion of manmade CO2 emissions. This motivates the development of cementitious binders with a lower carbon footprint. Considering the emissions in a longer perspective, the durability of concrete structures is absolutely essential. Most degradation of concrete structures is closely related to both moisture transport and ion transport. Many studi
The aim of this paper is to describe and explain how smartphone apps,designed to assist consumers in making informed ethical choices andgreening their everyday practices, enable and shape ethical consumption.Taking a socio-material approach and drawing on an ethnographic studyof three ethical consumption apps – the Green guide, the Fair trade appand Shopgun – the paper shows that these digital dev
In this paper, we will present some of our findings from a study conducted on legislative measures related to the online infringement of intellectual property rights commissioned by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) on legislative measures related to online intellectual property rights infringements. The present summarizes the mapping the existing legislative national measure
