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The aim of this study is to generate a quality-controlled sub-kilometer dataset of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) across Scandinavia from satellite. FAPAR is required for estimating the amount of PAR absorbed (APAR) by vegetation, which in turn allows for estimation of carbon uptake. In this study, FA-PAR was modeled from normalized difference vegetation index

A previous investigation has shown that at normal angle of incidence, the integral of the reflectance over wavelength is bounded for a flat metal backed absorber. The bound is applicable to any absorber made of linear, time-invariant, causal and passive materials. We generalize the physical bound to arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization. Different design examples and numerical calculations

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of biosensors based on SU-8 cantilevers with a thickness ≤ 5μm. The processing of the polymer was optimized to reduce initial bending of the devices which is essential for optical read-out of the cantilever deflection. Solvent absorption in the SU-8 had to be minimized to reduce drift of the cantilever bending during measurements in liquid. The

Timber and glass are materials with aesthetically pleasing properties. If the materials can be combined appropriately, drawbacks can be overcome and the beneficial mechanical properties utilised and timber/glass elements can be a natural part of the load-carrying structure of buildings. Since glass is a brittle material, an important task for the timber is to provide redundancy – a glass failur

Brain injury rehabilitation is a long and difficult process that includes training of so-called instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). This type of training involves activities like preparing meals, doing housework, grocery shopping etc. and it is often used by occupational therapists when they teach brain injury patients how to manage their daily life. A computer-generated Virtual Envir

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Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore the environmental impact of Logistics Service Provider (LSP) activities in the light of increased customer attention and fragmentation of the industry. We try to answer the question, to what extent the LSPs can actually monitor the environmental impact of logistics activities in the supply chain? Design/methodology/approach The methodology of this

The paper presents how object-oriented sequential function charts can be used to implement a batch control recipe management system. Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet, object-oriented programming ideas and High-level Petri nets, is presented. It is shown how the concepts of H-L Grafchart fit the models defined in the forthcoming ISA batch control standard SP88. A simulated batch process cell s