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Barbus urmianus, from the upper Mahabad River in Lake Urmia basin, was distinguished from B. cyri based on several morphological characters. Our analysis demonstrated very small molecular (COI) differences between both species and mostly overlapping or identic morphological character states. Therefore, Barbus urmianus is treated as a junior synonymof B. cyri.
The number of degrees of freedom is a crucial parameter in many electromagnetic problems. In for example modern communication systems spatial diversity is often employed through multiple beams to enhance capacity and reliability. However, while the degrees of freedom can be computed, their connection to physical quantities is not as easily understood. To address this issue, this paper proposes a s
This special issue collects articles, which aim to re-envision integration, dislodging the previously monodirectional conceptual flow sourced in the Global North. Jointly, the articles pursue a critical scholarship contributing to multicentric knowledge production, disrupting binaries of integrated/nonintegrated, inclusion/exclusion, citizen/non-citizen, or indeed self/other. They evidence ambival
Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging are mostly based on radioactive elements that, when decaying due to an excess of energy, emit radiation in the form of electromagnetic radiation (photons), or by charge-particles (electron, positrons, or alpha particles). The first part of this chapter describes in general the atom and its components and states some definitions important for further reading.
Human ultra-high field (UHF) MR at 7T and above has been on a rapid rise since the first installations in the 1990s, motivated by the opportunities created by SNR gains and contrast changes. Research efforts were for long focused mainly on technological developments to cope with the challenges posed by UHF. This has brought 7T MR neuroimaging to maturity and into an application dominated realm, fu
Study regionWe define two northern study areas: one covering all of Canada and Alaska and a second, smaller subregion surrounding the Peace-Athabasca Delta for testing.Study focusThis study aims to use bias correction to improve satellite precipitation data over a relatively data-sparse high latitude region using a network of in-situ rain gauges. We evaluate the satellite data and derive a linear
Focusing on Sweden in the COVID 19 pandemic, this paper explores theorganizational/communicational practices of new crisis initiatives, defined as informal,emergent, and loosely coordinated interactions between individuals and/or organizations using social media to engage in crisis relief efforts. By manually tracing crisis relief efforts on Facebook in the spring of 2020 and the fall of 2021, we
Single-cell sequencing (sc-seq) provides a species agnostic tool to study cellular processes. However, these technologies are expensive and require sufficient cell quantities and biological replicates to avoid artifactual results. An option to address these problems is pooling cells from multiple individuals into one sc-seq library. In humans, genotype-based computational separation (i.e., demulti
Raphael Cohen-Almagor looks at the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) campaign to boycott Israeli academics and ban Israel tout court. He argues that there is no justification for any academic organisation to do this. Any such decision would be unjust, unfair, and counterproductive
BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in midlife are strongly associated with the long-term risk of lethal prostate cancer in cohorts not subject to screening. This is the first study evaluating the association between PSA levels drawn as part of routine medical care in the Norwegian population and prostate cancer incidence and mortality.OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between
Both electromagnetic radiation (photons) and charged particles interact with matter and by different interaction processes result in energy deposition. This is the core of virtually all nuclear medicine applications because it is from the charged-particle interactions and related energy depositions that we can measure the scintillation light in SPECT and PET systems and from this create diagnostic
Gamma spectrometry primarily is used for identification and quantification of gamma-emitting radionuclides present in samples collected from a specific environment. The objective is often to determine, with a certain confidence, whether the activity concentration of the present gamma emitters exceed some reference level: for example, a criterion for the highest level of impurity of gamma emitters
The digital image has become an important carrier of information that supports diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine. Today there are a number of different imaging modalities that each reflects different tissue properties and are based on different technical principles. Together these techniques form a tremendous arsenal for patient diagnostics. Although the underlying physical and technical pr
Machine learning, a sub-field of artificial intelligence, is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Although the term was coined in 1959, machine learning builds on questions/methods that were developed earlier in linear algebra, mathematical analysis, optimization, and mathematical statistics. In this chapter we will give a brief overview of machine learni
Images created using a standard collimator-based scintillation camera are essentially 2D images, lacking information regarding the source depth, since the value in a particular pixel in the image represents detection of photons along a line determined by the collimator. However, it is possible to reconstruct a set of 2D images that together form a 3D image of the underlying activity distribution f
Despite the increased use of different types of gender-fair forms in French, studies investigating their interpretation in context remain few. To fill this gap, we conducted a pre-registered study using a timed sentence evaluation task to examine speakers' possibilities to establish an anaphoric relationship between a gendered anaphoric expression (women or men) and non-stereotyped role nouns as a
