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Uppsatsen handlar om en oklarhet i rätten till självförsvar enligt FN-stadgan, nämligen när en väpnad attack utförd av en grupp som inte är en del av en stats reguljära armé ändå kan vara hänförbar till den staten ge-nom internationella hänförbarhetsregler. Den relevanta rätten för att avgöra om en väpnad attack är hänförbar till en stat är FN-stadgan, ARSIWA, och internationella domstolars rättsThis essay aims to clear up the obscurity of the right to self-defense in the Charter of the United Nations, and more precisely when an armed attack committed by a group that is not part of a state’s regular army is attributa-ble to the state in question by the rules of attribution in international law. The relevant legal sources for deciding whether an armed attack committed by a group is attrib

This study investigates the level of engagement among female politicians in Örebro Municipal Council, with a particular focus on their commitment to climate policy compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of the study is to explore whether women generally exhibit greater dedication to climate issues. To address the research questions, a combination of interviews and quantitative content an

I slutet av 2023 meddelade Patent- och marknadsöverdomstolen (PMÖD) dom i mål PMT 4156-21 (Betssondomen). Målet rör P.L., som var beroende av spel på nätkasino. P.L:s spelande var omfattande, och efter en tid utsåg spelbolaget honom till VIP-kund. I samband med det intensifierades den marknadsföring som spelbolaget riktade till honom. Efter att P.L. slutat spela stämde han spelbolaget och anförde In late 2023, the Patent and Market Court of Appeal pronounced judgment in case PMT 4156-21 (the Betsson case). The case concerns P.L., who used to suffer from gambling addiction. P.L. used to gamble intensely, and the gambling company decided to appoint him as a VIP customer. Subsequently, the company intensified its marketing efforts towards him. After P.L. had stopped gambling, he sued the comp

Den 1 juli 2022 infördes i Sverige ett kronvittnessystem som enligt svensk rätt utgör en strafflindringsgrund på grund av utredningsmedverkan av annans brott. Kronvittnessystemet, som är tänkt som ett redskap i brottsbekämpande syfte, är en främmande fågel för svenskt påföljdssystem. Då kronvittnessystemet i princip kastats in i svensk rätt, kan det ifrågasättas hur enhetligheten i påföljdssystemeThe crown witness system was implemented in Sweden on July 1, 2022. The system constitutes under Swedish law as a mitigation of a sentence for suspects who cooperate in the investigation of another's crime. However, its integration into the Swedish penalty system raises questions regarding its coherence. The working hypothesis in the thesis is that the crown witness system does not fit into t

This essay aims to examine how the Swedish feminist debate about trans inclusive feminism in 2018 can be described in terms of agonistic and deliberative democratic ideals. The ideals are being operationalized by Habermas’ deliberative theory and Mouffe’s agonistic theory. To analyze the material a critical discourse analysis is being used and 13 opinion pieces are being analyzed. They are all wri

Uppsatsen undersöker diskussionerna och argumentationen kring införandet av lagstiftningen om avbrytande av havandeskap i Sverige under 1930-talet. Den centrala utgångspunkten är att analysera hur olika intressenter, såsom Lagrådet och riksdagens första och andra kammare, resonerade kring behovet och utformningen av abortlagstiftningen samt vilka skäl som diskuterades för- respektive emot att tillThe essay examines the discussions and arguments surrounding the introduction of legislation on the termination of pregnancy in Sweden during the 1930s. The focus is on analyzing how various stakeholders, such as the Law Council and the first and second chambers of the parliament, reasoned about the need for and design of abortion legislation, as well as what reasons were considered legitimate for

This essay explores the ethical dilemma surrounding the construction of green mines on indigenous lands and seeks to determine whether such actions can be justified. The aim is to show that a prioritisation between two seemingly good things is not always a given. Using a normative study framework, the research investigates a conflict of value between different interpretations of the value of the G

Climate-focused study abroad relying on high-emitting travel poses a dilemma between study abroad and emission reductions. This study employs the three spheres of transformation investigating this dilemma through coding syllabi (n=156,) surveying educators (n=9,) and interviewing (n=14) Climate Action Network for International Educators (CANIE) affiliates considering whether studying climate chang

Digitaliseringen av hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn har resulterat i en ständigt växande tillgång till hälsodata, vilket möjliggör implementeringen av artificiell intelligens (AI) inom hälsosektorn. Det finns en stor tilltro till att AI kommer att ha en betydande inverkan på alla delar av hälso- och sjukvården. Behandlingen av hälsodata är i allmänhet förbjuden enligt EU:s dataskyddsförordning (GDPR).The digitalization of the healthcare sector has resulted in an increasing source of health data, enabling the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. There is great optimism that AI will have a significant impact on all areas of healthcare. The processing of health data is generally prohibited by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). However, article 9(2)(j) GDPR pro

This thesis studies the democratic implications of the "Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission" case in the decade following 2010. The aim is to examine the complexities of campaign finance regulations in regards to issues of elite influence, corruption and transparency. The subsequent proliferation of independent expenditure committees, or Super PACs, who can spend money on camp

Förekomsten av skada är ett nödvändigt rekvisit för skadeståndsskyldighet vid personskada. Huruvida rekvisitet har uppfyllts har länge varit oproblema- tiskt att avgöra. Först i slutet av 2023 behövde HD ta ställning till om personskada förelåg sedan kärande i målet menat att höga nivåer i blodet av evig-hetskemikalierna PFAS utgör personskada. Den väsentliga juridiska aspekten är att kärande inteInjury is a necessary requirement for establishing liability concerning personal injury. The requirement ́s fulfillment has long been unproblematic to determine. However, the unproblematic view was challenged in the end of 2023 when the Supreme Court needed to consider whether personal injury existed in the case of high levels of the eternity chemicals PFAS being dis- covered in the bloodstream of

This thesis uses a quantitative method to explore the factors that influence the use of electronic banking (e-banking) in Yemen, considering the role of socioeconomic conditions and technological accessibility. By using an adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model, the study examines how performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating con

2024 marks the second anniversary of the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The war has resulted in large numbers of Ukrainian refugees entering EU member states, including Germany. As far-right parties are on the rise across Europe, the topic of immigration is high on the political agenda again. Mainstream right and far right parties are competing for the discursive upper hand on the top

Viktor Orbán’s FIDESZ is often referred to in academia as a right-wing populist political party. However, stemming from Hungary’s history of being dominated by outside powers and having been under communist rule for fifty years, this thesis argues that the nature of FIDESZ’s communication strategy could be heavily influenced by left-wing populist ideals. This thesis seeks to investigate populist a

Europeiska unionens kommande utmaning av att möta och bekämpa klimatförändringar har resulterat i att frågan om vilka förutsättningar som finns för att beakta hållbarhetsaspekter inom ramen för tillämpningen av unionens konkurrensregler hamnat alltmer i fokus. Den 1 juni 2023 antog Europeiska kommissionen reviderade riktlinjer för tillämpningen av artikel 101 i fördraget om Europeiska unionens funThe European Union’s upcoming challenge in addressing and combating climate change has brought the question of under which conditions sustainability aspects can be considered in the application of the Union’s competition rules increasingly into focus. On June 1, 2023, the European Commission adopted revised Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the Euro

Beskattning är en central fråga för många företag. För att uppnå en jämnare företagsbeskattning över tid finns det möjligheter för företag att spara under-skott och genomföra underskottsavdrag vid ett senare tillfälle. Det saknas tidsbegränsningar för hur länge ett underskott kan vara ackumulerat vid oför-ändrad ägarstruktur. Om det däremot sker en ägarförändring kan den så kal-lade beloppsspärrenTaxation is a central issue for many businesses. To even out corporate tax payments, it is possible for companies to carry forward losses and make loss deductions in later financial periods. There is no time constraint on how long such a deficit can accumulate if the ownership structure remains unchanged. However, if there is a change in the ownership structure a threshold may be activated and, if

Biodiversity loss and diminishing urban green space are widely recognized sustainability issues, but little research exists on the construction sector’s role and the attitudes they hold towards biodiversity. This study contributes to the sustainable urban design literature by studying how construction companies in Finland view their relation to biodiversity and how they could achieve better biodiv

The recognition of both inner (beliefs, mindsets, values) and outer dimensions (structures, technologies, behaviours) in addressing the climate crisis offers a powerful leverage point for the transformation needed. However, there is a lack of understanding of how this approach can be adapted to different groups and contexts. This thesis focuses on environmental activists from Russia as valuable ch

Andrahandsuthyrning har under en längre tid funnits på bostadsmarknaden och varit en vanligt förekommande form av uthyrning. Utöver den klassiska andrahandsuthyrningen finns en annan form av uthyrning på bostadsmarknaden, uthyrning i form av blockuthyrning. Blockuthyrning som uthyrningsform har funnits på bostadsmarknaden under en tid men är trots detta en förhållandevis okänd företeelse för gemenSubletting has existed in the housing market for a long time and is a common form of rental. In addition to the common form of subletting, another form of rental is the blockrental agreement. This form of rental, has been used in the housing market for a while but is still relatively unknown to the general public. A blockrental agreement is an agreement involving at least three apartments under

Sexual violence (SV) is a problem that disproportionately involves men acting violently towards women, especially against women from social minority groups like women with disabilities or with an immigration background. In addressing the issue, policies to address sexual violence honor this empirical reality by developing measures that are focused on supporting women and that are targeted at t