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This study investigates the determinants of R&D expenditures in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry from the 1960s to the mid 1990s. Various proxies for the rate of return of R&D (e.g. expected profit, sales and R&D productivity) as well as the availability of internal funding (proxied by past cash flows) have been used as explanatory variables in time series regressions. Past cash flo
Abstract is not available
The present study examined whether socio-motivational effects from working with a Teachable Agent (TA) might transfer from the formative learning phase to a summative test situation. Forty-nine students (9-10 years old) performed a digital pretest of math skills, then played a TA-based educational math game in school over a period of eight weeks. Thereafter, the students were divided into two grou
Various transport phenomena in conjunction with chemical reactions are strongly affected by reformer configurations and properties of involved porous catalyst layers. The considered composite duct is relevant for a methane steam reformer and consists of a porous layer for the catalytic chemical reactions, the fuel gas flow duct and solid plate. In this paper, a fully three-dimensional calculation
Popular Abstract in Swedish Undervisning ställer stora krav på lärares röster. Rösten behövs som ett pedagogiskt verktyg, i kommunikation med eleverna, i allt ifrån högläsning till instruktioner i idrottshallen. I en studie från 1996 beskrev Fritzell (1996) att lärare är överrepresenterade i väntrummen på röstmottagningarna. Flera studier om förekomsten av röstproblem hos lärare har genomförts i oTeachers have high occupational voice demands and is a group frequently presented at voice clinics. Little is known about the teachers’ own view of the contribution from the environment and about the teachers’ voice use at their work-place. The purpose of the present thesis was ; to develop and assess a self-rating instrument for the rating of throat-related problems in relation to voice, to inve
The distribution of extraterrestrial chromite grains (> 63 mu m) has been studied in the resurge deposit of the early Late Ordovician (458 Ma) Lockne impact structure in central Sweden. A 1-kg-sample of resurge sediment from the rim of the crater is extremely rich in extraterrestrial chromite. In total the sample contains > 125 chromium spinel grains kg(-1), most grains being chromite. Due to post
Popular Abstract in Swedish Grundämnena tyngre än järns ursprung är en vital fråga inom historien on och evolutionen av vår galax. Grundämnena upp till och med järngruppen produceras huvudsakligen genom fusion inne i stjärnor som ger dem deras energi. De ännu tyngre grundämnena produceras istället huvudsakligen genom neutroninfångningsprocesser: Den svaga s-processen, huvud-s-processen och r-proceThe pedigree of the elements heavier than iron is a vital question in the history and evolution of our galaxy. The elements up to and including those of the iron group are produced mainly through fusion processes within stars, giving the stars their energy. The even heavier elements are instead mainly produced through neutron capture processes: weak s-process, main s-process and r-process. The wea
No abstract available.
The care of demented patients requires clear communication during care procedures. Earlier studies have shown that nurses were often vague in their verbal communication and unpublished observations indicated that in some cases demented patients continued to be verbally active after the nurses had left. This study aimed at exploring further the initiating and terminating phases of verbal interactio
In 2008 the Commission for the Legal Empowerment of the Poor, CLEP, put forward a grand policy proposition claiming that comprehensive legal, political, social and economic reforms whereby the poor are legally empowered can put an end to perpetuating poverty in developing countries. A well functioning rule of law is considered the foundation on which all institutional structures promoting economic
Popular Abstract in Swedish Östersjön är ett av världens största brackvattenhav och har stora miljömässiga problem orsakade av övergödning och varmare klimat. Det mer saltrika bottenvattnet som flödar in genom en smal förbindelse med Nordsjön skiljs från ytvattnet av en haloklin, vilket förhindrar ett utbyte av syre mellan de två vattenmassorna. Tillförsel av näring och ett varmare klimat leder tiThe Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water bodies in the world and is suffering extensive environmental issues caused by eutrophication and warming climate. A halocline in the water column divides more saline bottom water fed by inflows through the narrow connection with the North Sea from the surface waters and inhibiting exchange of oxygen between the two water masses. With the nutrient
Abstract is not available
