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Online measurements of the raw gas composition, including tars and water, during biomass gasification provide valuable information in fundamental investigations and for process control. Mainly consisting of hydrocarbons, tars can, in principle, be measured using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. However, an instrument subjected to raw gas runs the risk of condensation of tars on opt

Pre-understanding – our presuppositions of reality – underlies all research. Many researchers probably also draw productively on their pre-understanding in their studies. However, very few rationales and methodological resources exist for how researchers can enrich their research by mobilizing their pre-understanding more actively and systematically. We elaborate and propose a framework for how re

Gluten proteins are intrinsically disordered proteins that form extensive aggregated networks in wheat seeds, where they are stored as a nutrient source for the embryo. A modelling approach involving computational biology with Monte-Carlo algorithms and wet laboratory studies, including HPLC analysis, was applied to unravel the aggregational and hydrogelforming properties of the gluten proteins. T

Spatially and temporally resolved in situ measurements of HCN in a steady state tube furnace have been performed using mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS). Such measurements are important for the understanding of the detailed HCN chemistry, including pyrolysis, gas phase production, and gas phase consumption. The measurements presented here are in agreement with existing models for HCN c

Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) serve as key priming sites for intestinal adaptive immune responses. Most of our understanding of GALT function and development arises from studies in mice. However, the diversity, structure and cellular composition of GALT differs markedly between mammalian species and the developmental window in which distinct GALT structures develop in large mammals remain

Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a common, often overlooked, disorder with many causes, is associated with debilitating symptoms, falls, syncope, cognitive impairment, and risk of death. Chronic OH, a cardinal sign of autonomic dysfunction, increases with advancing age and is commonly associated with neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure.

The silica wall in 35 species of the marine planktonic diatom genus Rhizosolenia Brightwell has been examined with light and electron microscopy. The genus Rhizosolenia is revised and an emended circumscription comprising 24 species is proposed. Five new species (Rh. acicularis, Rh. borealis, Rh. ostenfeldii, Rh. fallax, Rh. decipiens) and four new infraspecific taxa (Rh. polydactyla f.squamosa, R

The government policies addressing the circularity of textile products have been growing rapidly at various level of governance in Europe. Some manufacturers have started to take proactive measures seeking to close their material loops. Although it is very good that things started to move, there is still a long way to go on various fronts such as design and implementation of government policy, bus

Though relatively slow in its uptake, policy measures to tackle environmental impacts against plastic packaging in Europe started to take up in recent years. As a citizen there has been some visible changes when purchasing products. However, there are still ways to go in regard to societal uptake and really reduce the use of unnecessary plastics as well as other packaging waste.

The quality of service provided in Sweden tend not to be as high as that in Japan, which was frustrating for the author during her first 10 years of or so of her life in Sweden. However, when realising how much the worker's work-life balance is respected in society, the author gradually comprehended that the apparent lack of service might be related to the respect on worker's life outside of work

Similarly to many OECD countries, repair has been replaced by purchasing of alternatives which has accrelated production and accompanying environmental impacts. With the re-recognition of the necessity of closure of material loops repair has been receiving renewed policy attention, both at the EU and Swedish level. There are also initiatives such as repair cafe that seek to equip citizens with too

In the present work, we have evaluated the performance of different embedded atom method (EAM) andsecond-nearest neighbour modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) potentials based on their predictivecapabilities for modelling fracture in single- and bicrystalline tungsten. As part of the study, a new 2NN-MEAMwas fitted with emphasis on reproducing surface, unstable stacking fault and twinning ene

The aim of this study is the reconstruction of the multifaceted points of view related to the transition from work to retirement using a gender perspective. This article includes 40 interviews of ageing Italian workers, 24 women and 16 men, carried out in the cusp of retirement (wave 1) and two years after retirement (wave 3). The experiences related to the ‘decision to retire’ and ‘life after ret

We propose a new account of collective moral obligation. We argue that several agents can only have a moral obligation together if they each have (i) a context-specific capacity to regard their situation from the group’s perspective and (ii) at least a general capacity to deliberate about what they ought to do together. Such an obligation is irreducibly collective in that it doesn’t imply that theWe propose a new account of collective moral obligation. We argue that several agents have a moral obligation together only if they each have (i) a context-specific capacity to view their situation from the group’s perspective, and (ii) at least a general capacity to deliberate about what they ought to do together. Such an obligation is irreducibly collective, in that it doesn’t imply that the ind

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a potentially low-cost and sustainable technology for hydrogen production that combines the advantages of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis and traditional alkaline water electrolysis systems. Despite considerable research efforts in recent years, the medium-term (100 h) stability of AemionTM membranes needs further investigation. Thi

Understanding how innovation comes about is essential to furthering economic development and sustainable transitions. Noting “creative response” (Schumpeter, 1947) as a broad notion of how agents respond to changes in their environment, this lemma surveys main contributions to our understanding of innovation as endogenous to social and economic mechanisms. Through a review of economic historical d

Successful technological transitions require the alignment of technologies, capabilities, infrastructure, and institutions across a wide array of industries and involving many agents. In such processes, synergies and complementarities across different fields of economic activity are crucial. When such complementarities are missing, imbalances emerge, which, in the absence of innovation, may stifle