4MOST is a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under construction for ESO's 4m-VISTA telescope at Paranal, Chile. Its key specifications are: a large field of view of 4.4 square degrees, a high multiplex fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle that positions 2436 science fibres in the focal surface of which 1624 fibres go to two low-resolution optical spectro

The 4MOST consortium is currently halfway through a Conceptual Design study for ESO with the aim to develop a wide-field (>3 square degree, goal >5 square degree), high-multiplex (>1500 fibres, goal 3000 fibres) spectroscopic survey facility for an ESO 4m-class telescope (VISTA). 4MOST will run permanently on the telescope to perform a 5 year public survey yielding more than 20 million spectra at

The formation of a biomolecular corona on nanoparticles in blood is a well-known phenomenon influencing in vivo performance. Analogous phenomena in other biological fluids, such as the formation of a gastrointestinal (GI) corona, remain under-investigated. The ingestion of medicines leads to the generation of drug particles in the GI fluids. Consequently, an understanding of the behavior of drug p

Context. The Milky Way’s history of recent disturbances is vividly demonstrated by a structure in the vertical phase-space distribution known as the Gaia phase spiral. A one-armed phase spiral has been seen widely across the Milky Way disc, while a two-armed one has only been observed in the solar neighbourhood.Aims. This study aims to determine the properties of the two-armed phase spiral and to

In a recent study, we showed that the large (x, t) behavior of a class of physically relevant solutions of Boussinesq's equation for water waves is described by ten main asymptotic sectors. In the sector adjacent to the positive x x -axis, referred to as Sector I, we stated without proof an exact expression for the leading asymptotic term together with an error estimate. Here, we provide a proof o

With the introduction of x-ray free electron laser sources around the world, new scientific approaches for visualizing matter at fundamental length and time-scales have become possible. As it relates to magnetism and ‘magnetic-type’ systems, advanced scattering methods are being developed for studying ultrafast magnetic responses on the time-scales at which they occur. We describe three capabiliti

Dynamic processes in catalysis are gaining increased attention and could very well be one of the next frontiers in surface science. One way to study such processes is to induce chemical changes on the surface for example by periodically adjusting the (electro)chemical potential in situ and identify the resulting spectral changes. Often this is referred to as Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy (MES

Antibody radionuclide conjugates are an emerging modality for targeted imaging and potent therapy of disseminated disease. Coupling of radionuclides to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is typically achieved by applying non-site-specific labelling techniques. With the ambition of reducing variability, increasing labelling efficacy and stability, several site-specific conjugation strategies have been de

Objectives: There are several breast cancer (BC) risk factors—many related to body composition, hormonal status, and fertility patterns. However, it is not known if risk factors in healthy women are associated with specific mammographic features at the time of BC diagnosis. Our aim was to assess the potential association between pre-diagnostic body composition and mammographic features in the diag

Microplastics are pervasive throughout aquatic ecological communities. While their negative impacts on the life history traits of aquatic species are well studied, the effects on community dynamics remain elusive. Consequently, community-level assessments of microplastic effects on marine food webs are largely lacking, creating significant knowledge gaps regarding marine ecosystem structure and dy

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the associations between tau pathology and brain atrophy and cognitive decline are well established, but imperfect. We investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of biological processes (vascular, synaptic, and axonal integrity, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factors) explain the disconnection between tau pathology and brain atrophy (brain re

The awareness of employee-driven innovation (EDI) and its strategic relevance to corporate development has recently increased. The implications of EDI are vigorously discussed in terms of inclusive approaches; particularly focussing on how managerial structures can enable employee participation. This paper focusses on game-based formats to enhance such participation and explores what participation

Medication can affect the gut microbiota composition and function. The aim of this study was to investigate connections between use of common non-antibiotic medicines and the gut microbiota composition and function in a large Swedish cohort (N = 2223). Use of 67 medications and polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications), based on self-reported and prescription registry data, were associated with the relative

Background: The incidence of celiac disease (CD) has increased rapidly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, but there are recent reports of rates levelling off in countries with a high prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate current trends in CD in southern Sweden. Patients and methods: Children and adults diagnosed with CD by biopsy or serology in the region of Skåne, southern

Increasing demand for renewable energy and rapid tourism growth point to the need for a better overview of the factors affecting the compatibility of renewable energy infrastructure (REI) with tourism. This study aims to systematically review existing research on the interrelationships between REI and tourism, to identify their type and character and the factors affecting them, and to critically d

We show with Gaia XP spectroscopy that extremely metal-rich (EMR) stars in the Milky Way ([M/H]XP ≳ 0.5) are largely confined to a tight "knot"at the center of the Galaxy. This EMR knot is round in projection, has a fairly abrupt edge near RGC,proj ∼ 1.5 kpc, and is a dynamically hot system. This central knot also contains very metalrich (VMR; +0.2 . [M/H]XP . +0.4) stars. However, in contrast to

The Swedish Quality Registry for Pain rehabilitation (SQRP) is a well-established clinical registry for adult patients with complex chronic pain conditions. SQRP registers patient-reported outcome measures from a majority of specialist chronic pain units/departments in Sweden. Up to four International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) diagnoses can be registered in SQRP. The aim of th