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We have performed a comparison of ten models that predict the temporal behavior of laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. In this paper we present a summary of the models and comparisons of calculated temperatures, diameters, signals, and energy-balance terms. The models were run assuming laser heating at 532 nm at fluences of 0.05 and 0.70 J/cm(2) with a laser temporal profile provided. Calcu

Background: Smoking is probably the most important among preventable health risks. Health economic evaluation of smoking-cessation interventions, applying a lifetime perspective, is made possible by available epidemiological knowledge. The well established method of performing cost-effectiveness analyses of smoking-cessation interventions involves mathematical modelling (both deterministic and sto

The article discusses approaches to welfare under no-growth conditions and against the background of the growing significance of climate change as a socio-ecological issue. While most governments and scholars favor “green deal” solutions for tackling the climate crisis, a growing number of discussants are casting doubt on economic growth as the answer to it and have provided empirical evidence tha

The susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch extracted from raw roots of Canna indica, Manihot esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, grown in Bolivia, were studied below the gelatinization temperature. The granule size and amylose content were as followed: C. indica>M. esculenta>X. sagittifolium. The hydrolysis showed a rapid rate at the initial stage, followed by a progressive decrease

Due to the extensive use of nucleic acid and protein analysis of bacterial samples, there is a need for simple and rapid extraction protocols for both plasmid DNA and RNA molecules as well as reporter proteins like the green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this report, an electropermeability technique has been developed which is based on exposing E. coli cells to low voltages to allow extraction of

To meet urgent needs for solving serious worldwide drug-resistance problems, a sensitive label-free capacitive sensor developed in our group was investigated as a tool to be applied in the field of antibiotic resistance genotyping, for instance the detection of ampicillin resistance gene (ampR). Proof-of-concept data demonstrated its detection sensitivity of pico-molar without any signal amplifica

Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy (2DTS) is a low-frequency analog of two-dimensional optical spectroscopy that is rapidly maturing as a probe of a wide variety of condensed matter systems. However, a persistent problem with 2DTS is the long experimental acquisition times, which prevent its broader adoption. A potential solution, requiring no increase in experimental complexity, is signal rec

Ever-increasing global water shortages necessitate more advanced and cost-effective water purification methods. Herein, a novel slow filtration system using natural raw zeolite is proposed as an alternative to traditional quartz sand as a filter medium. The system demonstrates excellent performance in reducing turbidity and removing methylene blue (MB). The natural zeolite-based filtration system

β-Alanine synthase is the final enzyme of the reductive pyrimidine catabolic pathway, which is responsible for the breakdown of uracil and thymine in higher organisms. The fold of the homodimeric enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri identifies it as a member of the AcyI/M20 family of metallopeptidases. Its subunit consists of a catalytic domain harboring a di-zinc center and a smaller dime

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome following Lichtenstein open mesh technique or Shouldice repair for inguinal hernia operated on by surgeons in training. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, trial. SETTING: District hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 200 men with primary inguinal hernias. INTERVENTIONS: Lichtenstein mesh repair or Shouldice repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of operation, postoperative

Volume is an important measure of fermented bread quality that has traditionally been determined by seed displacement methods. These methods are cumbersome; poorly suited to compressible, sticky, or creased products; prone to error; and, to date, lack standardization. A collaborative study was conducted by the AACC International (AACCI) Physical Testing Methods Technical Committee in 2005 to asses