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Barnpornografibrott regleras i 16 kap. 10a§ BrB. Bestämmelsen omfattar nästintill all tänkbar befattning med barnpornografi. De huvudsakliga skälen för kriminalisering är att skydda det enskilda barnet och barn i allmänhet, varav det sist angivna skälet inte preciseras något ytterligare. Alla slags bilder betraktas som straffbara, även tecknade och animerade bilder som inte har någon koppling tillChild pornography is criminalized in chapter 16 10a§ BrB. It regulates almost every aspect of child pornography. The main reasons for criminalization is to protect the individual child and “children in general” (this concept is not further specified) All forms of illustrations are seen as criminal, even drawn or animated ones which do not necessarily depict an actual sexual assault or a real victi

Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka barns förståelse för empatiska reaktioners relationella innebörd och om denna skiljer sig beroende på ålder, samt undersöka om samband fanns mellan denna förmåga och förmåga till socialt perspektivtagande. Undersökningen jämförde barn i grundskolans årskurs 2 (n = 15, M = 8:7 år), årskurs 5 (n = 17, M = 11:8 år) och årskurs 8 (n = 13, M = 14:10 åThis cross-sectional study explored children’s understanding of empathic reactions relational meaning and if this understanding increases with age. It also explored an association between this ability and ability for social perspective taking. Comparisons were made between second graders (n = 15, M = 8:7 years), fifth graders (n = 17, M = 11:8 years) and eighth graders (n = 13, M = 14:10 years). T

I uppsatsen har gällande rätt avseende utomståenderegeln i 57 kap. 5 § IL fram-ställts och analyserats. Utomståenderegeln är en undantagsregel från de särskilda beskattningsreglerna i 3:12-regelverket. Bestämmelsen blir tillämplig om aktie-ägaren visar att utomstående i betydande omfattning äger del i företaget. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om tillämpningen av bestämmelsen är ändamThis bachelor thesis deals with the outsider rule in 57:5 Swedish income tax law (IL). The outsider rule is an exemption clause, and if found applicable the general taxation rules will be applied instead of the special close company rules. The out-sider rule will be applicable if the shareholder shows that outsiders own a signifi-cant amount of the company's shares. The purpose of this thesis

From a control design point of view, modern diesel engines are dynamic, nonlinear, MIMO systems. This paper presents a method to find low-complexity black-box dynamic models suitable for model predictive control (MPC) of NOx and soot emissions based on on-line emissions measurements. A four-input-five-output representation of the engine is considered, with fuel injection timing, fuel injection dur

The gravitational interaction between two objects on similar orbits can effect noticeable changes in the orbital evolution even if the ratio of their masses to that of the central body is vanishingly small. Christou (Icarus 174:215–229, 2005) observed an occasional resonant lock in the differential node ΔΩ between two members in the Himalia irregular satellite group of Jupiter in the N-body simula

The inorganic metal or metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) that mimic enzymes are of great interest due to improved physical and chemical properties compared with native enzymes. Here, we report that manganese dioxide (MnO2)-Silk exhibit catalase, oxidase, and peroxidase-like activities. The MnO2-Silk hybrid fibers effectively decomposed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized the typical horseradish pe

Relationships between defence mechanisms and body movements were investigated in regard to three hypothesis; I. that a difference in frequency of body movements correlates to different signs of defence mechanisms, II. that themes of body movements can be identified in regard to signs of defence mechanisms, III. that no significant differences will be found between the different groups of gender. T

The continuous fabrication via membrane emulsification of stable microcapsules using renewable, biodegradable biopolymer wall materials keratin and chitosan is reported here for the first time. Microcapsule formation was based on opposite charge interactions between keratin and chitosan, which formed polyelectrolyte complexes when solutions were mixed at pH 5.5. Interfacial complexation was induce

Bird names are very important and interesting when it comes to studying iconicity. In particular, words naming birds with a distinct call, such as crow, raven, cuckoo, owl, and eagle, typically emerge by direct imitation. Initially, the name of the bird in languages mimic the sound of the bird’s call (Marttila 2011). However, over time, the sound structure of the name of the bird often becomes sub

Materials of ionic crystals are ubiquitous in industrial chemistry.For example, materials such as cerium dioixde (CeO2) are used in both self-cleaning ovens and to clean exhaust fumes from cars.Other materials, such as titanium dioixde (TiO2) has been used in the solar-cell industry.So-called garnets are used in several lasers.In common for all of these areas of application, is that they are depen

This paper shows that the socio-technical barriers that sustainable innovations face, may stem from global regimes. Existing transitions approaches like the Technological Innovation System (TIS), overlook the impact of global regimes on radical innovation. Building on institutional theory, we therefore develop a theoretical framework that captures TIS-regime interaction, allowing us to analyze the

The assessment of remediation on metal-polluted soils is usually focused on total and/or bioavailable metal content. However, these chemical variables do not provide direct information about reductions in heavy metals pressure on soil microorganisms. We propose the use of bacterial communities to evaluate the efficiency of three remediation techniques: crushed mussel shell (CMS) and pine bark (PB)