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Transient mixing and ignition mechanisms in a simplified pre-chamber/main-chamber system are investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) with detailed chemical kinetics. Full ignition and flame propagation processes in the premixed methane/air mixtures are simulated. Ignition, the progress and topology of flame evolution, and the mean burning velocity in the main chamber are analyzed in d

Parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) are a diverse group of pathogens that infect birds nearly worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological and evolutionary factors that shape the diversity and distribution of these protozoan parasites among avian communities and geographic regions are poorly understood. Based on a survey throughout the Neotropics of

Climate change and drought phenomena impacts have become a growing concern for water resources engineers and policy makers, mainly in arid and semi-arid areas. This study aims to contribute to the development of a decision support tool to prepare water resources managers and planners for climate change adaptation. The Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (The Water Balance Department of the H

Softwood bark contains a large amounts of extractives—i.e., soluble lipophilic (such as resin acids) and hydrophilic components (phenolic compounds, stilbenes). The effects of the partial removal of water-soluble extractives before acid-catalyzed steam pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility were assessed for two softwood barks—Norway spruce and Scots pine. A simple hot water extraction step remov

This paper presents measurements of W±Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and muons. The data were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1. The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiduci

Brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the lymphatics was studied by injections of 5 microliters of packed sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected into the caudate nucleus, the occipital lobe, and the lateral ventricle of the brain in mice. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined in the deep cervical lymph nodes, the axillary lymph nodes, and the spleen, and the num

Background and aims The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shares several common pathways with atherosclerosis. Prospective clinical plasma biomarker studies in AAA have been hampered by the need for very large cohorts and long follow-up time. Methods We analyzed a prospective longitudinal cohort of middle-aged individuals from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer st

In humans, the non-gastric H+/K+ ATPase (ATP1AL1) has previously been shown to be expressed in the epithelia of skin, kidney and colon. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the non-gastric H+/K+ ATPase is localized to the syncytiotrophoblast, the transporting epithelium of the human placenta. Microvillous (MVM) and basal plasma membranes (BM) of the syncytiotrophoblast were isolated from te

A 3D model at microscale by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed for part of an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to analyze the interaction between the transport and reaction processes and structural parameters. The equations of charge, momentum, heat and mass transport are simulated in the model. The modeling geometry is created with randomly placed spheres to resemble the part o

Objective: Generic substitution has contributed to economic savings but switching products may affect patient adherence, particularly among those using multiple medications. The aim was to analyse if use of multiple medications influenced the association between switching products and refill adherence to angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in Sweden. Study Design and Setting: New users

Complex 1 of the respirator) chain (EC 1.6.531, measured as NADH-duroquinone and NADH-ubiquinone, reductase activities, was isolated from purified red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.I mitochondria. The mitochondria were disrupted by freeze-thawing and inner membrane vesicles were pelleted. After solubilization of the vesicles with Triton X-100, the enzyme complex was purified 11-fold (compared to the a

The concentrations of cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan), stromelysin-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and procollagen II C-propeptide in knee joint fluid and the levels of aggrecan, hyaluronan and keratan sulfate in serum were measured before and after exercise in 33 healthy athletes. The samples before exercise were obtained after 24 h rest from running or soccer and the sampl

The scFv antibody towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin was previously constructed by phage display and exhibited good specificity towards the exotoxin. We report here the optimization of the scFv expression in an E. coli expression system. Four different E. coli strains (ER2537, TG1, HB2151, and XL1-Blue) were examined for optimal expression of the scFv protein. Two types of carbon sourc

This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)and soot formation characteristics in laminar jet flames fuelled by primary reference fuels (PRFs)at elevated pressures. Qualitative PAHs and quantitative soot profiles were acquired by using laser-induced fluorescence and laser-induced incandescence, respectively. The backpressure of flames ranged from 1 bar to 5 bar. Proper flames wi

Stiff, elastic, viscous shear thinning aqueous gels are formed upon dispersion of low weight percent concentrations of cationically modified cellulose nanofibrils (CCNF) in water. CCNF hydrogels produced from cellulose modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride, with degree of substitution (DS) in the range 10.6(3)-23.0(9)%, were characterised using NMR spectroscopy, rheology and small angle

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) affects 50–80% of pregnant women and is correlated to the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe condition, with an incidence of 0.2–1.5%, characterized by consistent nausea, vomiting, weight loss and dehydration continuing after the second trimester. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to inves