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The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which is found in a population of cholinergic parasympathetic neurons in the airways, has no effects per se on mucociliary activity. In order to test the hypothesis that VIP may modulate cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system, VIP was infused intraarterially (8.4 pmol/kg/min), and the response to challenges with methacholine in th
The effects of varying extracellular concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ [K+]o and [Ca2+]o on force development and membrane potential were investigated in the guinea-pig mesotubarium. At [K+]o up to 40 mM, spontaneous action potentials were present, while higher [K+]o gave sustained contractures at a stable membrane potential (-24 to -12 mV for [K+]o from 60 to 120 mM). Tension decreased successively w
The aim was to investigate the influence of age and gender on quality of life (QoL), complaints, and the presence and nature of self-reported diseases in persons aged 75 and older with cancer (n = 150), compared to a matched group without cancer (n = 138). A second aim was to investigate factors associated with poor QoL in people aged 75 and older. QoL was measured with Short Form (SF-12) and Euro
Heterocyclic amines are mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds that are found in cooked meat and fish. These compounds are of concern in the aetiology of human cancer and therefore it is important to minimise their formation during cooking, and their intake. PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine, CAS no: 105650-23-5) is one heterocyclic amine that is found at high levels in cooked chick
The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to design controllers for safety critical systems is an important research area. On the one hand, RL can function in and adapt to complex and changing environments without requiring a model of the system. On the other hand, in such systems robustness is of high importance, as well as ways to guarantee and certify a level of robustness. This project investigat
Inom svensk arbetsrätt är (SFS 1982:80) lagen om anställningsskydd den centrala lagstiftningen som reglerar anställningsform och hur en uppsägning får ske. Arbetstagaren har turordningsreglerna i 22§ Lag om anställningsskydd som skydd och i det anciennitetsprincipen (senioritetsprincipen), då arbetsgivaren anfört arbetsbrist inom verksamheten som uppsägningsskäl. Turordningsreglerna har varit In Swedish labor law (SFS 1982: 80), the Employment Protection Act is the central legislation that regulates the form of employment and how a termination may take place. The employee has the rules of priority in section 22 of the Employment Protection Act as protection and in the seniority principle, when the employer cites lack of work as a reason for termination. The rules of priority have been
During the last decades the spread of the invasive species round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, has largely increased in the Baltic Sea affecting the ecosystem, biodiversity and species interactions. Round goby originates from the Caspian Sea and has most likely been introduced multiplied times via ships ballast water to different areas of the Baltic Sea. The establishment has had both negative and
Supercritical fluid extraction method was optimized and applied to extract seed oil from baobab seed (Adansonia digitata L.). A full-factorial design was used to investigate the interaction influence of density and temperature in the range of 0.6-0.8 g/ml 40 to 77 °C, respectively, on the extracted amount of oil from crushed seeds. The results showed that density has a significant influence on the
The momentum and energy injection from supernovae is one of the main feedback modes, and is therefore key to the understanding of galaxy evolution and star formation. However, due to low resolution, large scale galaxy simulations often have issues with accurately modelling supernovae, and therefore rely on sub-grid models. This is especially true for the injected momentum, where capturing the mome
Thesis Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the phenomenon of blands – A rise of brands that potentially adhere to a similar blueprint while claiming to be disruptive, unique and extraordinary. Moreover, this thesis aims to create an understanding of how consumers perceive blands as well as well as how value is created. Methodology: The methodology takes a social constructivist stan
The purpose of this study is to investigate how femvertising, in specific advertising which aims to encourage female empowerment, is perceived by two generations of women and if it affects their attitudes toward an ad. The study is a replication of the previous study Advertising “like a girl”: Toward a better understanding of “femvertising” and its effects presented by Åkestam, Rosengren and Dahlé
Investing based on environmental, social, and governmental (ESG) criteria has grown rapidly in recent years. The trend has been driven by both an increased interest in sustainability, and the fact that ESG related corporate events have been shown to influence stock prices. In tandem with this development, a number of companies has pioneered methods to quantify a firm’s ESG performance. One of thes
Outsourcing and contract manufacturing have developed as effective business strategies for electronics manufacturing services in the recent years. Most Consumer Electronic brand firms do not actually make the consumer products they sell but hire contract manufacturers, mostly in the developing world. Asia is currently the major production base of mobile phones for instance, with China and ASEAN ac
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >60 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain largely elusive. Although variants in TCF7L2 confer the strongest risk of T2D among common variants by presumed effects on islet function, the molecular mechanisms are not yet well understood. Using RNA-sequencing, we have identified a TC
Background Several new therapeutic options for psoriasis have been tested in clinical trials in recent years. Choice of comparator, study duration and outcome measures are critical for interpreting application of trial results to clinical practice. Objectives We examined whether these trial aspects have changed substantially in recent years in comparison with the past. Methods A systematic search
We investigate whether stellar-mass black holes have to receive natal kicks in order to explain the observed distribution of low-mass X-ray binaries containing black holes within our Galaxy. Such binaries are the product of binary evolution, where the massive primary has exploded forming a stellar-mass black hole, probably after a common envelope phase where the system contracted down to separatio
In order to identify cellular factors that regulate human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) gene expression, cervical cancer cells permissive for HPV16 late gene expression were identified and characterized. These cells either contained a novel spliced variant of the L1 mRNAs that bypassed the suppressed HPV16 late, 5'-splice site SD3632, produced elevated levels of RNA-binding proteins SRSF1 (ASF/SF
Helicobacter species have been isolated and cultured from both the gastric and enterohepatic niches of the gastrointestinal tract and are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases. Some members of the enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS), which include Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter pullorum, are associated with chronic inflammatory and proliferative bowel inflam
