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OBJECTIVES: The methyltransferase genotype and pregnancy both influence the arsenic metabolism phenotype, but it is unknown whether these factors interact, explaining the drastic changes in the efficiency of arsenic metabolism observed among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of the methyltransferase genotype and pregnancy to the arsenic metabolism phe

CONTEXT: Perioperative oral carbohydrate intake is beneficial to general surgery patients. Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure, and even a moderate improvement in patient outcome could have a significant effect on the resources needed for these patients. However, few studies have focused on the effects of carbohydrate intake on orthopaedic patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of th

Bifidobacterium breve 46, Bifidobacteriumlactis 8:8 and Bifidobacteriumlongum 6:18 and three reference strains B. breve CCUG 24611, B. lactis JCM 10602, and Bifidobacteriumpseudocatenulatum JCM 1200 were examined for acid and bile tolerance, prebiotic utilization and antimicrobial activity against four Clostridium difficile (CD) strains including the hypervirulent strain, PCR ribotype NAP1/027. B.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The optimal position for pH electrode placement in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminatory power of targeted pH recording immediately above the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and to compare the results with those obtained by simultaneous recording at the conventional level for pH monitoring. SU

BACKGROUND: Trauma induces transcapillary leakage of fluid and proteins because of increased microvascular permeability. Based on studies showing that prostacyclin (PGI2) has permeability-reducing properties, in the present study, we investigated whether PGI2 reduces plasma volume (PV) loss after a nonhemorrhagic trauma. METHODS: The study was performed on anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats exposed

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to develop from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. We examined whether clinical or genetic factors or both could predict progression to diabetes in two prospective cohorts. METHODS: We genotyped 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined clinical factors in 16,061 Swedish and 2770 Finnish subjects. Type 2 diabetes d

Purpose: To evaluate patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) using electrophysiology in order to gain better understanding of visual outcome and risk factors, such as previously diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Eighty-three patients (83 eyes) initially presenting with CRVO and examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) within

Background: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is used to treat bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. A subcutaneous formulation could potentially improve its half-life and make it suitable for prophylactic treatment. Objectives: A study was conducted to determine the safety of subcutaneously administered rFVIIa in patients with hemophilia and the pharmacokinetic profile (including bioavail

Prediction of wound healing and major amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulceration is clinically important to stratify risk and target interventions for limb salvage. No consensus exists as to which measure of peripheral artery disease (PAD) can best predict outcomes. To evaluate the prognostic utility of index PAD measures for the prediction of healing and/ or major amputation among patie

PURPOSE An overwhelming majority of data on familial risk in cancer is based on incident cancer, whereas familiality in cancer mortality is largely unknown. If fatal form of cancer was a highly familial subtype, then familial risk for mortality may exceed that of incidence, which would be particularly relevant for clinical decision making and counseling. PATIENTS AND METHODS The individuals in the

BACKGROUND: Higher operative risks after pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both. Patients who underwent pneumonectomy for NSCLC were evaluated for effect of neoadjuvant treatment on mortality and morbidity, especially bronchopleural fistula. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 130 consecutive patients underwent pn

The use of baseline lung function in the prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations, all-cause mortality and lung function decline was assessed in the population-based "Men Born in 1914" cohort.Spirometry was assessed at age 55 years in 689 subjects, of whom 392 had spirometry reassessed at age 68 years. The cohort was divided into three groups using fixed ratio (F

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To study the heritability and familiality of type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in families from the Botnia Study in Finland. METHODS: Heritability estimates for type 2 diabetes adjusted for sex, age and BMI are provided for different age groups of type 2 diabetes and for 34 clinical and metabolic traits in 5,810 individuals from 942 families using a variance compone

Purpose We investigated whether active video gaming (AVG) could bring about regular, enjoyable, physical exercise in children treated for brain tumours, what level of physical activity could be reached and if the children's physical functioning improved. Methods Thirteen children, aged 7-17 years, were randomised to either AVG or waiting-list. After 10-12 weeks they crossed-over. Weekly Internet c

PURPOSEHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is causing an increasing number of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and Europe. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV antibodies are associated with head and neck cancer risk when measured in prediagnostic sera. METHODSWe identified 638 participants with incident head and neck cancers (patients; 180 oral cancers, 135 oro

Drug therapy is often directed to specific organ and tissue compartments where the mode of action of the compound effects specifically targeted biological processes. However, the direct measurement of drug uptake in terms of a time kinetic and concentrations attained at the local sites has not been readily available as a clinical index for most drugs. A proof-of-principle study was conducted to te

BACKGROUND: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may display elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory substances. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, inflammation has been proposed to play a direct role in the generation of depressive symptoms. Skeletal muscle is a potent producer of cytokines, and physical exercise has been suggested to alleviate symptoms of depression. In

Secondary metabolites produced by fungi and bacteria are among the potential agents that contribute to adverse health effects observed in occupants of buildings affected by moisture damage, dampness and associated microbial growth. However, few attempts have been made to assess the occurrence of these compounds in relation to moisture damage and dampness in buildings. This study conducted in the c