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The principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition are well established features of EU law. On a technical level, it is clear that the principles may require adoption of foreign levels of protection in individual cases as well as in legislation. At a closer look, however, the principles through “the rule of reason” also may imply quite the opposite: the imposing of domestic requirements on fore
With the triumph of the codex, medieval literature became more deeply hermeneutic in character. A vast range of texts, in various languages and genres, were not only copied with the commentaries and glosses of ancient tradition, but also underwent continuous reworking and transformation. Indeed, the very act of transcribing texts into a manuscript was often an incentive to rewrite them. This pract
This thesis contributes to the economic literature on prosocial behavior. It includes three papers, all of which relate to the issue of policy-driven spillovers across prosocial alternatives. For example, the common fundraising practice of donation matching could affect contributions through other channels; similarly, recycling policy could affect household efforts on other environmental activitie
BACKGROUND: Paralympic sport provides sporting opportunities for athletes with a disability, with the Paralympic Games as the main event. Participation in sport is, however, associated with a significant risk for sustaining injuries and illnesses. Our knowledge of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport is very limited and there are no large-scale epidemiological cohort studies.
Background and Policy Context: Previous chapters in this book have explored several product-oriented policies, including mandatory laws and product energy labelling, and discussed the importance of an appropriate policy mix. In this chapter, we examine the effects of demand-side policies, with a focus on green public procurement (GPP). GPP has been defined as ‘a process whereby public authorities
Introduction: Product-oriented environmental law is an expanding, poly-thematic subsection of environmental law. First, an increasing number of policy instruments are being used at the international, European and national levels to regulate products, including mandatory performance standards, consumer subsidies, public procurement practices, product bans, taxes and charges and various kinds of man
BACKGROUND: The use of global gene expression profiling is a well established approach to understand biological processes. One of the major goals of these investigations is to identify sets of genes with similar expression patterns. Such gene signatures may be very informative and reveal new aspects of particular biological processes. A logical and systematic next step is to reduce the identified
Varje enskild skall vara berättigad att få tvister om sina materiella rättigheter och skyldigheter prövade i domstol. Mot bakgrund därom kan enbart lagstadgade undantag medge parter att, med bindande verkan, avtala om rättegångshinder. Detta anses ge uttryck för den processuella ogiltighetsprincipen, med innebörden att processuella överenskommelser enbart är giltiga om det finns lagstöd. Att brytaEvery individual shall be entitled the right to have disputes regarding his civil rights and obligations brought before a court. Therefore, a statutory exemption is required for agreements waiving the right of access to a court. The requirement is expressed through the procedural nullity principle, i.e. procedural agreements are only acceptable if there is a statutory exemption thereof. However, a
While renewable energy output in the World increases, Russia shows an opposite trend, consisting of a highly engrained fossil fuel-driven economy with very little State priority towards diversifying its energy supply. Accordingly, although wind energy represents only a niche market, it is more economically viable to electrifying Northern peripheral communities than connecting them to the national
We were interested in catalogers as human beings and in their reaction to a changed working situation. In the light of the changes which have been made at the libraries during the nineties, we investigated why the very group catalogers reacted with an intense and engaged open debate at the same time as librarians with special competence didn t seem to react in this way. The open debate about the c
Librarians like to think that libraries contribute substantially to the progress of research. However, libraries still seem to have serious problems getting integrated in their parent organization on equal terms with other parts of that organization. The degree of integration of the library is thus the main topic of this thesis and the purpose is to examine how the interaction between librarians a
I en intervju med publicisten Ken Tyler så beskrev den amerikanska efterkrigskonstnären och abstraktionisten Helen Frankenthaler uppfinnarskapet som en regellös aktivitet: “Så föds konsten, på det sättet sker genombrott. Bryt mot reglerna eller ignorera dem. Det är vad uppfinnarskap handlar om.” Jämfört med juridikens precisa och noggranna metodik så framstår uppfinnandets skapande metod något anThe U.S. painter Helen Frankenthaler, a behemoth of post-war American abstractionist painting, once described the act of inventing as an activity without rules. ”This is how art is born, how breakthroughs happen. Go against the rules or ignore the rules. That is what invention is about”, she is quoted saying in a 1994 interview with legendary publisher Ken Tyler. In contrast with the precise and
The permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM, is an efficient electrical motor that has seen a greater prevalence in the automotive industry from the increasing demand for electrical vehicles. Managing the temperature of the permanent magnet rotor is important to optimize motor utilization and avoid hardware failures. Direct temperature measurements of the moving rotor with a sensor are, however,
The ever-growing demand on high-performance electronics has generated transistors with very impressive figures of merit. The continued scaling of the supply voltage of field-effect transistors, such as tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), requires the implementation of advanced transistor architectures including FinFETs and nanowire devices. Moreover, integration of novel materials with high e
After much work and a long time after its instigation, a legislation regulating insolvency law in the European Union finally saw the light of day in 2002. Its 47 articles and 33 recitals establish jurisdiction, choice of law as well as recognition, in cross-border insolvencies within the EU and with this new legislation came a new expression to the legal area, namely 'centre of main interests&
I svensk rättspraxis rörande narkotikabrott har brottsrubriceringsfrågor och straffvärdebedömning länge utgått från resonemang om art och mängd narkotika. Genom Mefedrondomen, som meddelades av HD i juni 2011, initierades en praxisomläggning som innebar att art och mängd narkotika i fortsättningen skulle tillmätas mindre betydelse vid grövre narkotikabrottslighet. För ringa narkotikabrott och narkIn the Swedish case law concerning drug related crimes the classification of the crime and assessments of penal value primarily is based on arguments about the nature and amount of the drug in question. By Mefedrondomen (the mephedrone ruling), announced in June 2011, the Supreme Court initiated a practice shift which meant that the nature and amount of drugs would be accorded less importance in r
Socio-economic rights have been described as the ''underdeveloped stepchild of the human rights family''. There has been a tendency to treat them as merely aspirational and it is frequently argued that they may not deserve the name of rights as they lack content and are considered ill-suited for enforcement. Owing to this, and because of the fact that their enjoyment has by their v
To better utilize existing wireless systems, they can be combined together to interact and thereby provide better balanced capacity. They can further profit from this by getting their ongoing connection moved from the current system to another. The main issues are to make this move without losing the ongoing connection and to make it seamless, i.e., without the user noticing it. This action of mov
This thesis investigates how digitalisation influences the strategy of German hospitals via the provision of a holistic overview of potential digital solutions and how they can be used to enhance the hospitals’ core processes. Scrutinising the current utilisation, barriers to implementation and the effect that software-based systems have on the hospital’s strategy are at the study’s core. Here, a
Abstract Author: TeodoraDidova Title: Art therapy Supervisor: Anna Angelin The purpose of this study was to examine art therapy as a treatment. In this work I focus on educated therapists own experiences of the issue. My questions was 1) what justifies the different ways of using art therapy, 2) what distinguish art therapy compared to conventional therapy 3) how can art therapy give people tolls
