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Time-resolved and spatially resolved measurements of the diffuse reflectance from biological tissue are two well-established techniques for extracting the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients. We have performed a comparison study of the performance of a spatially resolved and a time-resolved instrument at wavelengths 660 and 785 nm and also of an integrating-sphere setup at 550-800 nm. T
Most structured latex particles are formed in the nonequilibrium state as a result of the reaction kinetics proceeding faster than the phase separation kinetics. Of the many factors controlling such morphologies, the polarity and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the seed polymer are important. In order to study the direct effect of the seed polymer Tg on morphology, we produced a series of pol
We have performed a comparison of ten models that predict the temporal behavior of laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. In this paper we present a summary of the models and comparisons of calculated temperatures, diameters, signals, and energy-balance terms. The models were run assuming laser heating at 532 nm at fluences of 0.05 and 0.70 J/cm(2) with a laser temporal profile provided. Calcu
The flow behavior in rib-roughened ducts is influenced by the inclination of ribs and the effect is investigated in the present study by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The local flow structures between two adjacent ribs were measured. The Reynolds number was fixed at 5800. The flow field description was based on the PIV results in planes both parallel and perpendicular to the ribbed walls at va
We analysed 57 years’ uninterrupted trapping data of autumn migrating Ruddy Turnstones Arenaria interpres at Ottenby, south-eastern Sweden (1593 full-grown birds in 1947–2003; of them 574 birds with standardised trapping in 1976–2003). Numbers trapped decreased significantly for both adult and juvenile birds in the total dataset (–0.34 and –0.57 ringed birds per year), and for juveniles in the 197
Meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (INN: Temoporfin) is a potent photodynamically active substance in clinical use today. Usually, the substance is given systemically and a known drawback with this administration route is a prolonged skin light sensitization. For the first time to our knowledge, a liposomal Temoporfin gel formulation for topical application was studied in connection with pho
Disturbances in glucose metabolism are of importance for violent behaviour in men, but studies in women are lacking. We used the 5h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in this study of 17 female psychiatric patients, selected for violent behaviour directed against themselves (deliberate self-harm) and 17 healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Following OGTT, patients had higher glucose levels at
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to ferment xylose, when engineered with the enzymes xylose reductase (XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2). However, xylose fermentation is one to two orders of magnitude slower than glucose fermentation. S. cerevisiae has been proposed to have an insufficient capacity of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for rapid xylose fermentation. Strains ove
A novel method of indirect deposition by means of a focused ion beam (FIB) is utilized to develop metal/insulator/semiconductor nanowire core-shell structures. This method is based upon depositing an annular pattern centered on a nanowire, with secondary deposition then coating the wire. Typical cross-sectional deposition area increments as a function of ion doses are 1.3 x 10(-2) mu m(2) nC(-1) f
During oxygen evolution, the Mn cluster in Photosystem II cycles through five oxidation states, S0-S4. S0 and S2 are paramagnetic, and can be monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Recently a new EPR signal from the S0 state was discovered [Åhrling et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 13148-13152, Messinger et al. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 11349-11350]. Here, we present a well-resolved
A method is described for measurement of freely dissolved copper concentrations in natural water samples using supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction under equilibrium conditions, a technique denoted "equilibrium sampling through membranes" (ESTM). For this purpose, 1,10-dibenzyl-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 as neutral carrier and oleic acid were used in the membrane phase. The main variables optimis
In neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) labelled with [32P]-trisodium phosphate, [3H]-inositol and [14C]-arachidonic acid, bradykinin stimulated the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) while it had no effect on the release of [14C]-arachidonic acid (AA). The effect on PIP2 was time- and dose-dependent with a maximal effect on [3H]-inositol- and [32P]-labelled cell
This paper introduces a model of the atrioventricular node function during atrial fibrillation (AF), and describes the related ECG-based estimation method. The proposed model is defined by parameters that characterize the arrival rate of atrial impulses, the probability of an impulse choosing either one of the two atrioventricular nodal pathways, the refractory periods of these pathways, and the p
Background and Aims: Small bowel manometry is increasingly used in the clinical investigation of patients with symptoms of intestinal motor dysfunction. Enteric dysmotility (ED) has been suggested as a new diagnostic term for patients with abnormal intestinal motor activity but no radiological signs of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP). Histopathological features of adult patients with E
Objective: A voluminous umbilical cord has been described in diabetic pregnancies. The aim of this study was to see if measurements of cord diameters might be of value in the evaluation of diabetic pregnancies and especially those suspected of a large for gestational age (LGA) fetus. Methods: In an observational, prospective study umbilical cord areas and vessel diameters were measured between ges
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Improved data and methods are needed for modeling disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) for economic evaluation of treatments. The aim is to estimate prediction models for long-term AD progression and subsequently economic outcomes. METHODS: Three-year follow-up data on 435 patients treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil in clinical practise were analyzed.
