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Background & Aims: Three pathways control gastric acid secretion: the gastrin-enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell axis, the vagus-parietal cell axis, and the cholecystokinin (CCK)-D cell axis. Mice lacking gastrin or both gastrin and CCK were examined to determine the role of the hormones. Methods: Acid was measured after pylorus ligation, and biopsies from gastrin knockout (KO), gastrin-CCK doub
Incorporation of bowel into the bladder (enterocystoplasty) has been widely used to increase bladder capacity. It has been reported by others that the response of smooth muscle from the cystoplastic segment of the intestine shifts from that of the intestine (relaxation to α-agonists and ATP) to that of the bladder (contraction to α-agonists and ATP). This suggests a functional integration of the i
Purpose: This trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group compares the use of high-dose therapy (HDT) as part of primary treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus etoposide followed by involved-field (IF) radiotherapy in a randomized, multicenter, phase III study. Patients and Methods: Three hundred twelve patients with "aggressive"
This study investigates exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which are used as flame retardants in electronic equipment, in a group of technicians with intense computer work. Thirteen PBDE congeners and TBBPA were quantified in serum from 19 computer technicians. Previously investigated groups of hospital cleaners with no computer experience, and cl
The neuropeptide galanin is considered to be an endogenous antiepileptic agent, presumably acting via inhibition of glutamate release. Previously, we have demonstrated that in mice ectopically overexpressing galanin in cortical and hippocampal neurons, particularly in granule cells and their axons, the mossy fibers, hippocampal kindling epileptogenesis is suppressed and is associated with attenuat
Growth kinetic data of human tumours, obtained by flow cytometric analysis of cells labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) might provide prognostic information and allow prediction of response to radio- and chemotherapy. However, the theoretical models applied for calculation of growth kinetic data are not fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dependence of the estima
The Major Intrinsic Proteins, MIPs, constitute a large, ancient superfamily of membrane proteins that are found in all kingdoms of life. Most MIPs facilitate passive diffusion of water across biological membranes (aquaporins), although many channels are also permeable for glycerol and other small uncharged solutes, (aquaglyceroporins). Other substrates reported for specific MIPs are anions, carbon
Popular Abstract in Swedish De flesta cancerformer uppvisar förvärvade kromosomavvikelser. En del enklare avvikelser har visat sig förekomma enbart i en viss tumörform och kan därför användas som diagnostiska markörer. I de flesta fall föreligger emellertid ett komplext och ospecifikt avvikelsemönster, ibland med ett mycket kraftigt ökat antal kopior av vissa DNA-sekvenser, så kallad genamplifieriAcquired genetic abnormalities are found in all types of malignant tumours and may contribute to neoplastic processes by altering protein structure or dosage. Many bone and soft tissue tumours (BSTT) are characterised by complex patterns of chromosome changes, including extensive intratumour heterogeneity and amplification of DNA sequences. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the
OBJECTIVE: Imaging follow-up (FU) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is usually performed by periodic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CT-FU after EVAR. METHODS: In this study, 279 of 304 consecutive patients (261 male, aged 74 years (interquartile range (IQR): 70-79 years) with a median abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diamet
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning på Svenska: Avhandlingen handlar om tvångsvård av alkoholister och presenterar såväl metodologiska som kliniska studier av behandlingsutfall. Innebörd av tvångsvård Alkoholister kan uppleva många olika typer av påtryckning för att gå in i behandling. Fysisk och psykisk smärta, sociala påtryckningar från närstående eller arbetsgivare, samt olika typer avThis thesis concerns involuntary social treatment for alcoholism. Alcoholics who were compulsorily committed according to the Swedish Act of Care of Addicts in Certain Cases (LVM) were treated together with voluntary patients. They were followed up by mail questionnaires to patients, significant others and social workers. Self-reports were in satsifactory agreement with collateral reports concerni
The thesis concerns experimental studies of bubble motion and the transport of large particles and bubbles. Bubbly flows are encountered in many engineering applications where the bubbles play an important role for the mass transfer between the phases, e.g. in stirred reactors. A special case of bubble transport is the cavitation phenomenon, which mainly has a negative effect on the performance of
All designs are marred by uncertainties and tolerances in dimen- sions, load levels etc. Traditionally, one has often over-dimensioned to take these uncertainties into account. The demand for optimized designs with high quality and reliability increases, which means that more sophisticated methods have been developed, see e.g. Lochner and Matar (1990). By describing the fluctuations in design para
Popular Abstract in Swedish Omgivningens temperatur är kanske en av de faktorer som i allra störst utsträckning påverkar djur och deras livsmiljö. Detta bottnar givetvis till stor del i temperaturens effekt på naturen. Betänk till exempel årstidsväxlingarna; att vintern blir till vår, och att hösten (i samband med de första snöfallen) allt mer skrider mot ännu en kall och vit vinter bestäms och reTemperature is a property of profound matter in all aspects of animal life, affecting both individual energy budgets and the environments in which animals reside. Thus, a proper understanding of the effects of temperature variation is instrumental in understanding not only animal form and function, but also the structure and dynamics of wild populations. Accordingly, the aims of this thesis were t
Four wastewater samples of different treatment qualities; untreated, alarm, alert and normal, from a Swedish chen-ti-thermo-mechanical pulp mill and pure water were investigated using an amperometric bioelectronic tongue in a batch cell. The aim was to explore enzymatically modified screen-printed amperometric sensors for the discrimination of wastewater quality and to counteract the inherent drif
Plasma exudation has been suggested to be an important component of the inflammatory response in asthma. Bradykinin elicits many of the features of asthma, including bronchoconstriction, cough, plasma exudation and mucus secretion. In an attempt to quantify local plasma exudation, we have employed a novel low-trauma technique with the aim of challenging and lavaging a central part of the bronchial
Background: It has been suggested that neuromuscular function is of importance in the overall outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Hypothesis: Good neuromuscular function can be achieved and maintained over time in subjects with ACL injury treated with rehabilitation and activity modification but without reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Met
Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodkärlen har till uppgift att distribuera syre och näring till kroppens alla celler, samt att borttransportera slaggprodukter som sedan bildas efter nyttjandet. Dessutom förmedlas en rad signalsubstanser till kroppens vävnader via blodcirkulationen. Eftersom mängden cirkulerande blod är begränsad är det viktigt att blodkärlen, bestående av artärer som för blodet från This thesis aims at characterizing the endothelin (ET) receptors in different vascular beds of man and rat. The ET-A receptor was shown to be the only contractile ET receptor present in all vascular regions, with the exception of the rat mesenteric vein where a weak ET-B receptor-mediated contraction was seen. Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the ET-A receptor mRNA during organ cu
Shale gas extraction commonly known as fracking had support from the UK government with their ‘all out for shale’ policy. Despite this industry has struggled to establish itself mainly due to strong opposition from communities concerned about environmental and health impacts. Most research into the impacts of fracking is concerned with either environmental degradation or physical health impacts wh
Övergångsrättvisa (transitional justice) är en term som beskriver hur länder med hjälp av juridiska och icke-juridiska åtgärder hanterar storskaliga övergrepp mot mänskliga rättigheter. Övergångsrättvisa används bland annat för att hålla förövare ansvariga och bringa försoning. Konceptet övergångsrättvisa växte fram som ett gensvar på hur länder under 1980–1990-talet hanterade de storskaliga övergTransitional justice is a term and concept which describes how countries deal with large-scale human rights abuses through different judicial and non-judicial measures in order to achieve reconciliation and hold perpetrators accountable. Transitional justice as a concept was born out of practice as a response to how countries in the 1980–1990s dealt with large-scale abuses committed by the earlier
The purpose of this paper is to try to clarify what responsibility parents have for their children and what the duty of supervision to prevent the child from causing damages for third party means. I will further try to find explanations why the duty of supervision has not achieved the intended preventive effect. Internationally the denomination parental responsibility is used often. Schiratzki has
