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Biomass is becoming particularly important as a starting material for advanced carbon structures. In this study, we found interesting nanostructures on the surface of burnt spaghetti using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for analysis. The structures were elongated and finger-like, with evidence that the tubes have

Bilingual children are at a disadvantage when compared to monolingual norms in language assessment. Monolingual assessment fails to acknowledge the asymmetrically distributed linguistic competence of bilingual children, for example, different levels of mastery of family and school related concepts in the first and second languages, respectively. Consequently, monolingual assessment results in an o

The growth of oxides and thin films is important in a wide range of applications, including coating technology, production of solar cell materials, and formation of dielectric layers in the semiconductor industry. These growth processes necessitate the interaction of a solid surface with a gas/vapor or liquid phase. The chemical processes that take place during the interaction of the solid with th

AIM: We assessed whether baseline measurements of physical activity, aerobic fitness, body fat and abdominal fat were predictors of changes in body fat measurements over a two-year period.METHODS: The study comprised of 204 children aged 9.8 ± 0.6 years with a normal body mass distribution, who recruited from four schools in middle-class areas of Malmö, Sweden, from 2001 to 2004. Peak oxygen uptak

Nanowire geometries are leading contenders for future low-power transistor design. In this study, low-frequency noise is measured and evaluated in highly scaled III-V nanowire metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and in planar III-V MOSFETs to investigate to what extent the device geometry affects the noise performance. Number fluctuations are identified as the dominant noi

Background: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a subgroup of ovarian malignancies with low malignant potential. Very limited earlier data are available on familial clustering of BOTs with other cancers. We aim to explore histology-specific familial associations among BOTs and associations between BOTs and any invasive cancers.Methods: On the basis of 16.1 million individuals in the Swedish Famil

Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) are important for brain function and detectable in the blood. This study explored the longitudinal associations of physical activity and body fat with serum NGF and BDNF in children. Methods: Two waves of measurements were performed 2 years apart in 8- to 11-year-old children, including physical activity using the ActiGra

Stretching of DNA in nanoscale confinement allows for direct visualization of the genetic contents of the DNA on the single DNA molecule level. DNA stretched in nanoscale confinement also allows for studies of DNA-protein interactions and DNA polymer physics in confined environments. This chapter describes the basic steps to fabricate the nanostructures, to perform the experiments, and to analyze

Heusler compounds are a ripe platform for discovery and manipulation of emergent properties in topological and magnetic heterostructures. In these applications, the surfaces and interfaces are critical to performance; however, little is known about the atomic-scale structure of Heusler surfaces and interfaces or why they reconstruct. Using a combination of molecular beam epitaxy, core-level and an

Organometal halide perovskites in the form of nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their unique optoelectronic and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Here, we examine the phase composition and the temperature dependence of emission line width broadening in formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for light-emitting applications and identify differen

Objective: To determine factors associated with orthopaedic surgeons’ decision to recommend total joint replacement (TJR) in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). Design: Cross-sectional study in eleven countries. For consecutive outpatients with definite hip or knee OA consulting an orthopaedic surgeon, the surgeon's indication of TJR was collected, as well as patients’ characteristics in

Background: Hand eczema (HE) in healthcare workers (HCWs) is common. Besides wet work, healthcare work also implies exposure to contact allergens. Objectives: To assess HE and contact allergy related to occupational exposures in HCWs. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 311 HCWs with HE within the preceding 12 months and a control group of 114 HCWs without HE were investigated with the baseline s

Sedan 1990-talet har sambanden mellan socialt kapital i form av sociala nätverk, reciprocitet och generaliserad tillit och hälsa studerats internationellt. De flesta studier har dock varit tvärsnittsstudier, vilket försvårar undersökning av orsakssamband. De sociala kontexter som undersökts i flernivåanalyser har ofta varit geografiska områden. Nästan inga studier har använt familjedesign. British

Pain and depressive symptoms are common reasons for adolescents to contact the school nurse. The aim was to describe the prevalence of pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and depressive symptoms among adolescents and to examine whether there is an association between pain and depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional survey included students (N = 639) in Sweden (median age: 16 years). O

For the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, nonintrusive quantitative measurement of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released during the devolatilization phase of straw pellets gasification is demonstrated with high spatial and temporal resolution. Mid-infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM) measurements of HCN were performed by probing the interference-free P(20) line in the v 1 vibr

BACKGROUND: The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) is a foot- and ankle-specific patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) score that has been validated with good results for a variety of foot and ankle disorders. SEFAS is sensitive detecting improvement or deterioration after surgery. However, normative values, required to put a specific patient's summary score into perspective, are lac

The adrenal-derived hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating hormones and their levels decline substantially with age. Many of the actions of DHEAS are considered to be mediated through metabolism into androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues. The predictive value of serum DHEA and DHEAS for the likelihood of falling is unknown. T