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Background and Aims: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with increased risk of non-fatal suicide attempt. We aimed to measure the strength and mechanistic nature of the association between AUD and increased suicide attempt and determine any causal pathways and/or shared risk factors. Design: We used Cox proportional hazards models in population-level and co-relative analyses to evaluate the
Environmental exposures and avoidable risk factors account for a large proportion of cancer burden. Exposures and lifestyle vary over time and between populations, which calls for updated and population-specific quantification of how various avoidable risk factors influence cancer risk to plan and design rational and targeted prevention initiatives. The study considered 12 risk-factor groups categ
Background: The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased markedly in recent decades. Given the scarcity of resources available to address global health challenges and respiratory medicine being relatively under-invested in, it is important to define research priorities for COPD globally. In this paper, we aim to identify a ranked set of COPD research prioriti
Objective: To identify clinical and histopathological risk factors of LNM in T1 CRC. Summary of Background Data: The requisite of additional surgery after locally resected T1 CRC is dependent on the risk of LNM. Depth of submucosal invasion is used as a key predictor of lymphatic metastases although data are conflicting on its actual impact. Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study on
Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the possible causal associations between education phenotypes and non-fatal suicide attempts. In particular, we evaluated the roles of academic achievement (school grades), cognitive performance (IQ), and educational attainment (education level). Methods: Based on longitudinal Swedish registry data, we included 2,335,763 individuals (48.7% female) w
The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determ
Titanium alloys are difficult-to-machine materials given their high strength, the high temperatures generated, and the naturally short contact length that combined result in rapid tool wear. Different machining strategies can be employed to cope with the low machinability. This study investigates the machining performance using different cooling and lubrication methods during down face milling of
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an atomically resolved technique that allows for in depth analysis of the properties of materials by irradiating a thin sample with high energy electrons and detecting the signal imparted on, and generated by, the electron beam as it passes through. However, due to the strong interaction between electrons and matter, the sample will not remain unperturbed
Background: Summary statistics often hide individual patients' suffering, thereby impeding quality improvement efforts. Objectives: We aimed to show the experience of a population with health care toward the end of life while preserving the experience of the individual. Design: We developed a data display method called per-patient illness trajectory analysis. We tested it using a demonstration coh
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression with potential transient cognitive side effects. However, subjective memory impairment can extend over a long period after ECT. Objectives: This study aimed to assess potential risk factors for long-term subjective memory impairment 6 months after ECT and to explore if the associations are mediated by depressive s
Background: Certain species from the normal respiratory tract microbiota have recently been proposed to positively influence human health. Corynebacterium propinquum and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (Corynebacteria) are two Gram-positive species that frequently colonize the upper respiratory tract and strongly associate with a reduced incidence of respiratory tract infections. The specific role of Cory
Bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical characteristics that often translateinto functional properties surpassing those of their monometallic counterparts. The abilityto precisely tailor these characteristics enables fine-tuning of their properties for targetedapplications. This doctoral thesis investigates the engineering of bimetallic nanoparticlesvia spark ablation, a continuous
Semidefinite programs are convex optimization problems involving a linear objective function and a domain of positive-semidefinite matrices. Over the past two decades, they have become an indispensable tool in quantum information science. Many otherwise intractable fundamental and applied problems can be successfully approached by means of relaxation to a semidefinite program. This methodology is
The Bell-state measurement (BSM) is the projection of two qubits onto four orthogonal maximally entangled states. Here we first propose how to appropriately define more general BSMs, which have more than four possible outcomes, and then study whether they exist in quantum theory. We observe that nonprojective BSMs can be defined in a systematic way in terms of equiangular tight frames of maximally
This paper explores the evolving landscape of regional innovation policy, focusing on the interplay between traditional cluster policies and emerging transformative agendas. Over the past decade, policy initiatives aimed at fostering place-based, collaborative innovation have proliferated. However, questions arise regarding the adequacy of existing policy tools in accommodating newer, transformati
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) is a very promising tool material for turning martensitic stainless steels at high cutting speeds (vc > 200 m/min). The competitive advantage of pcBN over cemented carbide increases as the cutting speed is increased. Changing the speed might lead to a shift in the wear balance and hence the knowledge about tool wear below vc = 200 m/min might not be appli
Due to the global demographic change many more people will need to work until anolder age, and organisations and enterprises need to implement measures to facilitate an extendedworking life. The aim of this study was to investigate organisational measures and suggestionsto promote and make improvements for a healthy and sustainable working life for all ages in anextended working life. This is a qu
