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Identifying patients at risk for metastatic relapse is a critical medical need. We identified a common missense germline variant in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (rs562556, V474I) that is associated with reduced survival in multiple breast cancer patient cohorts. Genetic modeling of this gain-of-function single-nucleotide variant in mice revealed that it causally promotes b

Context: Proneurotensin (pNT) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on postprandial pNT levels are not well studied. Objective: This work aimed to assess the effects of RYGB vs a very low-energy diet (VLED) on pNT levels in response to mixed-meal tests (MMTs), and long-term effects of RYGB on fasting pNT. Methods: Cohort 1: Nine no

We report on neutron scattering measurements on the vortex lattice of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd. We observe the existence of the intermediate mixed state, a region where Meissner and vortex lattice phases coexist, which is a feature of low type-II superconductors. Following this, we obtain an estimate of the value of using the extended London model. Finally, we find that the tempe

Toxicity pathways of engineered carbon nanomaterials, which have many and diverse industrial applications, include oxidative stress primarily due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study on 13 carbon black, 6 Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and 3 nanodiamond materials identified physicochemical properties driving their ROS production. ROS production was cross-validated using di

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases is inherently inefficient, prompting ongoing efforts to enhance the output of coherent table-top XUV sources. In this study, we investigate the influence of the laser pulse duration on HHG using a compact post-compression method featuring a bulk multi-pass cell. This setup enables tunable Fourier-limited pulse durations as short as 42 fs. We examine th

Multiband superconductivity arises when multiple electronic bands contribute to the formation of the superconducting state, allowing distinct pairing interactions and gap structures. Here, we present field- and temperature-dependent data on the vortex lattice structure in 2H-NbSe2 as a contribution to the ongoing debate as to whether the defining feature of the superconductivity is the anisotropy

X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) is an emerging experimental technique for the acquisition of rotation-free, time-resolved, volumetric information on stochastic processes. The technique is developed for high-brilliance light-source facilities, aiming to address known limitations of state-of-the-art imaging methods in the acquisition of 4D sample information, linked to their need for sample ro

Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference a

Context: Peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is a critical enzyme in the endocrine system responsible for activation, by amidation, of bioactive peptides. Objective: To define the clinical phenotype of carriers of genetic mutations associated with impaired PAM-amidating activity (PAM-AMA). Design: We used genetic and phenotypic data from cohort studies: the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC;

Attosecond microscopy aims to record electron movement on its natural length and time scale. It is a gateway to understanding the interaction of matter and light, the coupling between excitations in solids, and the resulting energy flow and decoherence behavior, but it demands simultaneous temporal and spatial resolution. Modern science has conquered these scales independently, with ultrafast ligh

We propose a single-shot Carrier-Envelope Phase measurement scheme, based on evaluating f-2f fringes by means of optical Fourier transform. The method is suitable for measuring at high-repetition rate (> 200kHz) and low pulse energy.

In this work, we investigate the pH-responsive behavior of multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogels containing histidine. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that MDP nanofibers sequester nonpolar residues into a hydrophobic core surrounded by a shell of hydrophilic residues. MDPs with histidine on the hydrophilic face formed nanofibers at all pH values tested, but the morphology of the fibers was i

Purpose: Assess if cystatin C-derived measures of kidney function are associated with mortality in septic- and non-septic intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: Data from adult patients staying >24 h in four ICUs in Sweden from November 2015–December 2018 included. Outcomes were mortality and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to acute kidney injury. Associations between cystatin C

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation offers a cure for a variety of blood disorders, predominantly affecting the elderly; however, its application, especially in this demographic, is limited by treatment toxicity. In response, we employ a murine transplantation model based on low-intensity conditioning protocols using antibody-mediated HSC depletion. While aging presents a significant bar

Airborne wear particle emissions from dry clutches have been investigated in terms of particle mass and number concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition of a single clutch material. This paper presents a detailed continuation of the investigation. Clutch plates of two different friction materials, i.e., from different manufacturers but for the same automobile applications, are tes

Background: The recently established international cystatin C calibrator makes it possible to develop non-laboratory specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating (eGFR) equations. This study compares the performance of the arithmetic mean of the revised Lund-Malmo creatinine and CAPA cystatin C equations (MEAN(LM-REV+CAPA)), the arithmetic mean of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Co

Flow cytometry allows for identification of cellular subsets based on cell intrinsic properties, most often by the use of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies recognizing distinct cell-surface epitopes that define the cells of interest. Advances in technical instrumentation and the availability of an ever-increasing number of fluorophores, today enables identification of multicolor defined cellular