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Abstract Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a genetic risk factor for pulmonary emphysema. In 1972-74 all 200,000 Swedish new-born infants were screened for AAT deficiency. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PiZZ and PiSZ individuals identified by this screening have signs of emphysema and the role of smoking in this, compared with a random sample of control subjects

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identify susceptibility loci for complex traits, but do not identify particular genes of interest. Integration of functional and network information may help in overcoming this limitation and identifying new susceptibility loci. Using GWAS and comorbidity data, we present a network-based approach to predict candidate genes for lipid and lipoprotein traits. We

To determine the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition on glucagon dynamics in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).

We present comprehensive results on continuous atmospheric cluster and particle measurements in the size range similar to 1-42 nm within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) project. We focused on characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of new particle formation events and relevant particle formation parameters across Europe. Dif

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors.

Abstract Objectives: The study aimed to test the construct validity, factor structure and reliability of the 11-item version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11, Swedish version) among older people (65+) with chronic pain. Design: Methodological study. Subjects: 433 participants with chronic pain (mean age 74.8, 65-98 years) completed postal questionnaires. 264 of the participants complet

Ventilation/perfusion (V/P) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is recognized as a diagnostic method with potential beyond the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. V/P SPECT identifies functional impairment in diseases such as heart failure (HF), pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The development of hybrid SPECT/computed tomography (CT) systems, combining funct

The importance of the home environment increases with age. Perceived aspects of home influence life satisfaction, perceived health, independence in daily activities and well-being among very old people. However, research on health and perceived aspects of home among senior citizens in earlier phases of the aging process is lacking. Therefore, the main aim was to explore whether perceived aspects o

Few studies have investigated the relationship between predefined dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes incidence; little is known about the generalisability of these associations. We aimed to assess the association between predefined dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes risk in European populations. From among a case-cohort of 12,403 incident diabetes cases and 16,154 subcohort members nested with

Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 signi

The severity of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is defined by the degree of flow limitation measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s, which mainly reflects impairment of large and intermediate airways. However, COPD is primarily a small airways disease. Therefore, better diagnostic tools are needed. Ventilation-Perfusion (V/P) SPECT is a sensitive method to detect obstructive lung chang

Counter-regulatory responses are critical to prevent hypoglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This is particularly important in insulin-treated patients. This study explored the effect of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on the hormonal counter-regulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia when added to basal insulin therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

IL-22 is a recently discovered cytokine that belongs to the family of IL-10 related cytokines. It is produced by activated T-cells and innate lymphoid cells and has been suggested to be involved in tissue repair. As both inflammation and repair play important roles in atherosclerosis we investigated if IL-22 deficiency influences the disease process in Apoe(-/-) mice.

Introduction: Increased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthma are suggested to be through inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and tissue from central and peripheral airways and compare it with the exhaled bronchial and alveolar NO levels in patients with asthma vs a control group. Methods: Thirty-t

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo a functional switch in neonatal mice hallmarked by a decrease in self-renewing divisions and entry into quiescence. Here, we investigated whether the developmental attenuation of B-1a cell output is a consequence of a shift in stem cell state during ontogeny. Using cellular barcoding for in vivo single-cell fate analyses, we found that fetal liver definitive

Current sources of platelets for transfusion are insufficient and associated with risk of alloimmunization and blood-borne infection. These limitations could be addressed by the generation of autologous megakaryocytes (MKs) derived in vitro from somatic cells with the ability to engraft and differentiate in vivo. Here, we show that overexpression of a defined set of six transcription factors effic

Most studies that validate GFR equations present accuracy results stratified by measured GFR (mGFR; diagnostic correctness) or by estimated GFR (eGFR; diagnostic predictiveness) only, without a clear distinction in interpretation. The accuracy of a GFR equation is normally reported in percent (e.g. P30), but is often misinterpreted when stratified by eGFR. The aim of the study was to develop new a