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Objective: So-called responder analyses are commonly used in randomized controlled trials (RCT) for osteoarthritis and are typically based on observed change from baseline in self-reported pain. However, it is well known in the methodological literature that such responder analyses are misleading. We aimed to illustrate the size of the problem using simulation. Design: We generated individual pain
The production of neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells, a promising therapeutic candidate for neurological conditions such as stroke and spinal cord injuries, faces significant manufacturing challenges, particularly in quality control (QC). Specifically, current QC methods rely on labor-intensive manual assessments that are costly, time-consuming, and subject to operator bias, limiting scalability and
Despite rapid clinical translation, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived therapies face limited global adoption. Harmonized quality control (QC) remains absent, with even fundamental parameters evaluated inconsistently across laboratories. To address this, we conducted two international Quality Assessment Rounds (QARs): QAR 2019 (18 sites, 11 countries) and QAR 2023 (23 sites, 12 countries
AIMS: Diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging, particularly in older individuals. We hypothesized that machine learning (ML) approaches could improve diagnostic accuracy compared with HFpEF scores.METHODS: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of four supervised ML algorithms (random forest [RF], extreme gradient boosting [XGBoost], support vector ma
Objective: In the present study, we investigated the role of the gut–liver crosstalk in the pathogenesis of steatotic liver disease (SLD) induced by the compounding and deleterious effects of alcohol and metabolic risk factors, and explored the potential translational aspects of microbiome-based interventions. Design: The effects of combined exposure to alcohol and a high-fat, high-cholesterol die
Articular cartilage undergoes structural and compositional changes during osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common joint diseases. Earlier research shows that these changes are dependent on species and joint site, and they also vary across cartilage depth. In this study, we analyzed the depth-wise proteoglycan and collagen contents, as well as collagen fibril orientation angle and fibril alignm
Background: Chronic pain in children can significantly impact daily functioning. While interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation is the recommended treatment, it is resource-intensive and limited in availability. Therefore, children with more complex symptoms, classified as High Impact Chronic Pain (HICP), need to be prioritized for interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation. However, HICP in children has
Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic mycobacteria remains a critical challenge due to poor drug penetration through their complex cell wall, which necessitates prolonged multidrug regimens. Mycobacteriophages encode a lytic machinery that can disrupt this barrier. In this research article, we describe a modular mycolysin platform combining phage enzymes Lysin A and Lysin B with outer membrane-pe
Ordered assemblies of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have traditionally been studied for energy transfer and electronic transport arising from wavefunction overlap between neighboring nanocrystals. In this perspective, we instead focus on light-coupled nanocrystal solids engineered primarily for light emission. These materials include ordered superlattices and compositionally doped assemblie
Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are considered risk factors for complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). How these risk factors separately or in combination influence the risk of reoperation due to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or all-cause reoperation is not fully known. We sought to investigate the 2-year risk of reoperation following THA due to osteoarthritis
Wide-angle neutron scattering analysed using empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) was used to investigate how aromatic ring structure influences micelle self-assembly in two anionic surfactants: sodium 4-heptylbenzene sulfonate (SHBS) and sodium 5-heptylfuran-2-sulfonate (SHFS). Both surfactants formed globular micelles in aqueous solutions at 0.2 M but differed significantly in micelle
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the 2018 switch from PCV13 to PCV10 in Sweden’s childhood immunisation programme on the serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae.MethodsRespiratory tract (RT) S. pneumoniae isolates (n=1615; 2020–2023) were serotyped, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and compared with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates (n=397) and PCV13-era data (2016
Electrostatic energy plays a pivotal role in the minimization of the free energy of self-assembling oppositely charged ions. This is a fundamental principle that guides the formation of aggregates and the separation of phases characterized by a stoichiometric balance between the opposite charges. However, this study unveils the self-assembly of catanionic nanotubes from a mixture of oppositely cha
Invariant natural killer T 1 (iNKT1) cells are prototypic interferon γ-producing, innate-like T lymphocytes that play crucial roles in protection against pathogen infection and cancer. In the thymus, where these cells develop, iNKT cells contribute to the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell tolerance. Although the transcriptional programs guiding iNKT cell specification are
Nanoparticle properties depend strongly on composition, making precise control essential for applications in catalysis, sensing, and electronics. By combining two or more elements in a single particle, synergistic properties can emerge that are inaccessible to the individual constituents. Realising these benefits, however, requires reliable methods for tuning composition at the nanoscale.This thes
Gestational enterovirus (EV) infections have been associated with an increased risk for type 1 diabetes in the offspring. We therefore analyzed non-diabetic mothers for EV exposure in early pregnancy in relation to type 1 diabetes HLA-DQ risk genotypes and seroconversion to islet autoantibodies during pregnancy. Non-diabetic mothers who had islet autoantibodies (n=365) against glutamic acid decarb
