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Chronic inflammation is an HIV infection feature, contributing to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease among people with HIV, which can be induced by viral replication. A proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recipients fail to achieve viral suppression, despite not meeting criteria for treatment failure, so-called low-level viremia (LLV). We investigated the relationship between LLV and a

We study resonant two-photon ionization of helium atoms via the 1s3p, 1s4p and 1s5p1P1 states using the 15th harmonic of a titanium-sapphire laser for the excitation and a weak fraction of the laser field for the ionization. The phase of the photoelectron wavepackets is measured by an attosecond interferometric technique, using the 17th harmonic. We perform experiments with angular resolution usin

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to estimate the association between sociodemographic factors and cervical neoplasia. Material and methods: In this Swedish nationwide open cohort study, 4 120 557 women aged ≥15 years at baseline were included between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. The two outcomes were cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ

Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats. Methods: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10-or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. R

Post-flame sulfation of gaseous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated with optical in situ measurements at 850 to 1475 °C. A multi-jet burner was used to generate well-controlled combustion environments. The multi-jet burner also enabled the separate feeding of the sodium species and SO2 to the combustion environment where the sulfation reactions occurred. Concentrati

Advanced instrumentation and versatile setups are needed for understanding light interaction with biological targets. Such instruments include (1) microscopes and 3D scanners for detailed spatial analysis, (2) spectral instruments for deducing molecular composition, (3) polarimeters for assessing structural properties, and (4) goniometers probing the scattering phase function of, e.g., tissue slab

Background: Mutations in BRCA2 cause a higher risk of early-onset aggressive prostate cancer (PrCa). The IMPACT study is evaluating targeted PrCa screening using prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) in men with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Objective: To report the utility of PSA screening, PrCa incidence, positive predictive value of PSA, biopsy, and tumour characteristics after 3 yr of screening, by BR

Purpose Vasectomy is a commonly used form of male sterilization, and some studies have suggested that it may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, including more aggressive forms of the disease. We investigated the prospective association of vasectomy with prostate cancer in a large European cohort, with a focus on high-grade and advanced-stage tumors, and death due to prostate

Optimizing the benefits versus harms of prostate-specific antigen screening can be achieved through stratifying screening and biopsy. This clinical consultation guide provides the scientific background and evidence-based recommendations.

3D bioprinting has the potential to provide a unified framework for the manufacturing of tissue models for biomedical research, including drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, it remains challenging to 3D print replicas of human tissues that have accurate cell types, cellular densities, extracellular matrix compositions, and that can be assayed in a minimally invasi

BACKGROUND: A history of preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and experimental evidence suggests that a history of preeclampsia also increases the risk of restenosis. However, the extent to which a history of preeclampsia is associated with risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in women is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 6065 par

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes have been shown to associate with COPD, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis. Sulfatase modifying factor (SUMF1) is a key modifier in connective tissue remodelling, and we have shown previously that several SNPs in SUMF1 are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SUMF1 SNPs and advanced l

Due to unique electronic and optical properties, semiconductor nanowires (NW) are widely used in various opto-electronic devices. Concerns have been raised about using NW since they share morphological similarities with nanofibers, such as carbon nanotubes and asbestos. However, the effects of NW exposure on humans remain unknown and there is a pressing need to assess any possible NW toxicity. Dur