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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it

Background: When scaling up lignocellulose-based ethanol production, the desire to increase the final ethanol titer after fermentation can introduce problems. A high concentration of water-insoluble solids (WIS) is needed in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, resulting in increased viscosity, which can cause mass and heat transfer problems because of poor mixing of the material. In the present study,

I jakten på förnyelsebara energikällor är solceller en av de mest lovande teknikerna. Idag dominerar kisel-solcellen marknaden men även den har begränsningar och därför är det motiverat att utveckla andra sorters solceller. En solcellsteknik på utvecklingsstadiet som försöker efterlikna fotosyntesen är Grätzelsolcellen. Precis som i fotosyntesen är det en färgämnesmolekyl i solcellen som ska absorIn the hunt for fossile-free energy-harvesting techniques, solar cells constitute one of the most promising techniques. Today, silicon-based solar cells are the dominant technique on the market but even the Silicon solar cell has limitations which means that there is a motivation for developing new solutions. One of those techniques is the dye-sensitized solar cell. Just as in photosynthesis, the

Background: The number of children diagnosed with ADHD has reached about 5 % in Sweden. It is important that children with these symptoms are being diagnosed. ADHD does not only affect the child himself, but also the parents. If ADHD is suspected in a student, the school conducts its own investigation. The school counsellor is available here as a resource. If the school still believes there is a d

Frågan om en kriminalisering av karteller inom den hårda kärnan har sedan millennieskiftet utretts tre gånger inom ramen för statens offentliga utred- ningar. Varje gång har detta avstyrkts. I USA har kartellsamarbeten däremot varit kriminaliserade sedan 1890. Idag tillämpas hårda straff, enskilda förtag har fått betala hundratals miljoner dollar i böter och många personer har dömts till långa fänThe issue of criminalization of hard core cartels has been considered three times in Swedish Government Official Reports since the turn of the millen- nium. The proposition was rejected every time. In the United States, collusion in restraint of trade has been criminalized since 1890. Harsh punishments are applied, some companies have been fined hundreds of millions of dollars and many individuals

In a globalized world subjected to ongoing rapid technological development and increasingly evocative entertainment, advertisers are turning their attention to methods of provocation in an effort to induce actionable behavior from the consumer. Struggling to fight their way through the challenging environment of todays saturated market and appeal to the increasingly desensitized consumer, advertis

The aim of this study was to examine how primary care social workers discretion and professional boundaries constructs in interaction with the primary care organization. More specifically it exami- nes which legal, organizational and relational factors affects their work and how their professional boundaries appears. The result was conducted through interviews with nine primary-care social workers

I dag är det allt vanligare att en person döms för ett flertal brott vid samma åtalstillfälle. När denna typ av flerfaldig brottslighet inträder i domstolen ska ett gemensamt straff för den samlade brottsligheten utdömas. För att avgöra hur omfattande detta straff ska vara, måste domstolen fastställa den flerfaldiga brottslighetens gemensamma straffvärde. Detta sker genom att en andel av den efterIt is increasingly common today for individuals to be convicted of multiple offences within the same trial. When such instances of multiple criminality are brought before the court, a joint sentence for the aggregate criminal conduct must be imposed. To determine the scope of this sentence, the court must establish the overall punitive value of the combined offences. This is done by incorporating

Europeanization investigates how political integration in Europe affects the domestic power structures and policies. Less research has been carried out on what impact the EU has on national public administrations. It is in fact disputed whether administrative Europeanization even exists. Furthermore, there is no explicit European model of administration; no blueprint that the EU can enforce in its