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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it

Background: When scaling up lignocellulose-based ethanol production, the desire to increase the final ethanol titer after fermentation can introduce problems. A high concentration of water-insoluble solids (WIS) is needed in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, resulting in increased viscosity, which can cause mass and heat transfer problems because of poor mixing of the material. In the present study,

Background: To make lignocellulosic fuel ethanol economically competitive with fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the production cost. One way to achieve this is by increasing the substrate concentration in the production process, and thus reduce the energy demand in the final distillation of the fermentation broth. However, increased substrate concentration in simultaneous saccharification a

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) has been recognized as a feasible option for ethanol production from xylose-rich lignocellulosic materials. To reach high ethanol concentration in the broth, a high content of water-insoluble solids (WIS) is needed, which creates mixing problems and, furthermore, may decrease xylose uptake. Feeding of substrate has alre

This article is a way to try to concretize the so-called new economy based on a couple of concrete expressions. The concepts of cultural heritage and consumption are used to describe and analyse some specific service operations in a couple of Swedish retailers. In both are the products manufactured, in one case, stone-baked sourdough bread and in the other handmade chocolates with reference to tra

Ovako Ajax me, in York, South Carolina, USA manufactures seamless steel rings. The rings are made from blocks, which are heated, pressed, punched and then rolled to desired size and shape. Due to tougher competition on the seamless steel ring market, it is necessary to know the total production time for an order of specific rings, in order to be able to price the rings correctly and plan the prod

I dagens samhälle görs IT investeringar i alla tänkbara verksamheter. Om investeringen lyckas eller inte beror bland annat på förståelsen av vilka delar av verksamheten som kommer att påverkas samt hur de kommer att påverkas. Uppsatsen behandlar hur nyttovärdering av IT-investeringar görs i verkligheten i jämförelse med vad som nämns i litteraturen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få grepp om olika as

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea places states and the European Union under a legal duty to protect and preserve the marine environment set out in Part XII. When the European Union and its Member States implement international obligations, they are also under a duty to do that in accordance with the objectives, principles and approaches under Chapter 17 of Agenda 21. Furthermore

Background: The number of children diagnosed with ADHD has reached about 5 % in Sweden. It is important that children with these symptoms are being diagnosed. ADHD does not only affect the child himself, but also the parents. If ADHD is suspected in a student, the school conducts its own investigation. The school counsellor is available here as a resource. If the school still believes there is a d

Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researc

The purpose of this study was to investigate social workers’ experience of communicating with children using an interpreter and analysing the challenges. We conducted qualitative interviews with the focus groups of social workers in a city in the southern part of Sweden. They all served at the social services in the municipality. Totally, four focus group interviews were conducted with four partic

Globally, the lifespan of populations increases but the healthspan is lagging behind. Previous research showed that survival into extreme ages (longevity) clusters in families as illustrated by the increasing lifespan of study participants with each additional long-lived family member. Here we investigate whether the healthspan in such families follows a similar quantitative pattern using three-ge

Magnetic nanoparticles have shown great potential for use in drug delivery and bioimaging applications and are prospective building blocks in future high-performing permanent magnets. Today, magnetic nanoparticles are most often produced in batches by chemical methods resulting in the risk of chemical impurities and production of vast amounts of chemical waste. Aerosol generation methods on the ot