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What do we gain from labeling certain norms of social organization law? This question provides the backdrop against which this chapter will examine the works of Leon Petrażycki and Eugen Ehrlich, two of the founders of legal sociology who devised concepts of law broader than state law. In the course of this examination we shall also assess the relevance of Petrażycki’s 'intuitive law' and Ehrlich’

As a pre study for future work the output from a regular plane solid 2-dimensional finite element was compared with the output from a solid 2-dimensional axisymmetric finite element. It was done by creating a very simple finite element model for the heat convection problem. The purpose was to compare the results from a heat convection analysis. The model can be used directly for the mass diffusion

1. The European Water Framework Directive requires the determination of ecological status in European fresh and saline waters. This is to be through the establishment of a typology of surface water bodies, the determination of reference (high status) conditions in each element (ecotype) of the typology and of lower grades of status (good, moderate, poor and bad) for each ecotype. It then requires

The risk of hip fracture rises rapidly with age, and is particularly high in women. This increase in fracture risk reflects both the age-related change in the risk of falling and decrements in the strength of the proximal femur. To better understand the extent to which proximal femoral density, structure and strength change with age as a function of gender, we have carried out a longitudinal analy

Background: The aim of this study was to compare maternal labour and birth outcomes between women who gave birth on a birth seat or in any other position for vaginal birth and further, to study the relationship between synthetic oxytocin augmentation and maternal blood loss, in a stratified sample. Methods: A re-analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Sweden. An on-treatment analysis was used

Follow-up methods must be easy for young people to handle. We examine Interactive Voice Response (IVR) as a method for collecting self-reported data. Sixty inpatients were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric emergency unit in Malmö, Sweden and called every second (N = 30) or every fourth (N = 30) day from discharge until first visit in outpatient care. A pre-recorded voice asked them

Dijet angular distributions from the first LHC pp collisions at center-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV have been measured with the ATLAS detector. The dataset used for this analysis represents an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb(-1). Dijet chi distributions and centrality ratios have been measured up to dijet masses of 2.8 TeV, and found to be in good agreement with Standard Model predictions. Analys

Background and purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of gantry angle optimisation (GAO) compared to equidistant beam geometry for two inverse treatment planning systems (TPSs) by utilising the information obtained from a range of treatment plans. Material and methods. The comparison was based on treatment plans generated for four different head and neck (H&N) cance

The standard model (SM) of particle physics is spectacularly successful, yet the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g - 2)mu deviates from SM calculations by 3.6 sigma. Several theoretical models attribute this to the existence of a "dark photon," an additional U(1) gauge boson, which is weakly coupled to ordinary photons. The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Coll

Context The relationship of platelet function testing measurements with outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) initially managed medically without revascularization is unknown. Objective To characterize the differences and evaluate clinical outcomes associated with platelet reactivity among patients with ACS treated with clopidogrel or prasugrel. Design, Setting, and Patients Pat

This report focuses on models of chloride ingress into concrete that are based on mathematical solutions of Fick's second law. In recent years a lot of confusion has been identified concerning these models. In some cases time-dependencies of diffusivity have been used in a mathematically incorrect way. In other cases field and laboratory data from one way of describing the time-dependency of these

Predicted alterations in belowground plant-allocated C as a result of environmental change may cause compositional shifts in soil microbial communities, and it has been hypothesized that such alterations will influence C mitigation in forest ecosystems. In order to investigate to what degree living trees influence the abundance and activity of mycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophic fungi, and bacteria we

The International Commission on Stratigraphy and the IUGS Executive Committee have recently approved a Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of the second stage of the Furongian Series, Cambrian System. This stage is named the Jiangshanian Stage, after Jiangshan City, western Zhejiang Province, China, where the GSSP is located. The GSSP is exposed in a natural outcr

Diabetic patients suffer from macro- and microvascular complications causing increased morbidity and mortality. How hyperglycemia provokes vascular damage remains unclear, but glucose is believed to fuel a harmful low-grade chronic inflammation of the vessel wall. Previous work showed that glucose activates the transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) in arteries ex vivo. NF

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen utgår från förhållandet att mödradödligheten traditionellt varit en tungt vägande faktor för kvinnors totala sjukdomsbörda i låginkomstländer. Mödradödligheten är starkt knuten till såväl allmänna levnadsförhållanden i samhället som till tillgång och kvalitet av professionell hälsovård. Det är därför inte förvånande att mer än 99 av 100 mödradödsfall i värlMaternal health services are the least equitable health care services in most low- and middle-income countries. Improving maternal health in Ghana continues to be a major public health challenge. Socio-economic inequalities within the country are greatly reducing the use of maternal health care services despite government policy reforms to improve access to maternal health care services and interv

Rapport från de medicinhistoriska sessionerna

Comparisons of PIXE detection limits for K, X rays using 2-5 MeV protons and 7-8 MeV 4He2+ ions as projectiles have been performed. The comparisons have been made for common aerosol backings. According to simple theoretical considerations regarding X-ray production cross sections and the production of background radiation, detection limits for 4He2+ should be two to four times lower than for proto