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The solid-liquid interface, where corrosion reactions occur, is notoriously difficult to study in operando conditions. Few experimental techniques can provide surface sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolution and are compatible with liquid environments. 2-Dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) is an emerging optical technique providing microscopic information with high temporal res
Introduction: Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with a range of health outcomes. This study aims to examine prognostic and etiological roles of RDW levels, both phenotypic and genetic predisposition, in predicting cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. Methods: We studied 27,141 middle-aged adults from the Malmö Diet and Cancer s
We propose a single-shot, high-repetition rate measurement scheme of the carrier-envelope phase offset of ultrashort laser pulses. The spectral fringes resulting from f-2f nonlinear interferometry, encoding the carrier-envelope-phase, are evaluated completely optically via an optical Fourier transform. For demonstration, the carrier-envelope-phase of a 200 kHz, few-cycle optical parametric chirped
Advancing ultrafast high-repetition-rate lasers to shortest pulse durations comprising only a few optical cycles while pushing their energy into the multi-millijoule regime opens a route toward terawatt-class peak powers at unprecedented average power. We explore this route via efficient post-compression of high-energy 1.2 ps pulses from an ytterbium InnoSlab laser to 9.6 fs duration using gas-fil
Objective: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) is a chronic relapsing condition with unknown etiology. To gain insight into the molecular processes underlying the disease, we examined biomarkers in blood samples collected prior to symptom onset. Methods: The National Patient Register and Cause of Death register were searched for AAV-related International Classifi
Genome-wide significant loci for metformin response in type 2 diabetes reported elsewhere have not been repli-cated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). To as-sess pharmacogenetic interactions in prediabetes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the DPP. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations with diabetes incidence in the metformin (MET; n = 876) and placebo (P
Introduced social insects can be highly invasive outside of their native range. Around the world, the introduction and establishment of the eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has negatively impacted native pollinators and ecosystems. Understanding how morphological variation is linked to environmental variation across invasive ranges can indicate how rapidly speci
Background: Lead exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis has been hypothesized to be one of the underlying mechanisms behind this association. Aim: To investigate whether lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in a large Swedish population-based cohort. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from t
PIONEER is a European network of excellence for big data in prostate cancer consisting of 37 private and public stakeholders from 9 countries across Europe. Many progresses have been done in prostate cancer management, but unanswered questions in the field still exist, and big data could help to answer these questions. The PIONEER consortium conducted a two-round modified Delphi survey aiming at b
The dispersion scan (d-scan) technique is extended to measurement of the time-dependent polarization state of ultrashort laser pulses. In the simplest implementation for linearly polarized ultrashort pulses, the d-scan technique records the second harmonic generation spectrum as a function of a known spectral phase manipulation. By applying this method to two orthogonally polarized projections of
Conservation biological control of crop pests by natural enemies relies on management strategies to favour their trophic interactions. In agricultural landscapes, natural enemies acting across habitat boundaries may feed on non-pest prey, resulting in apparent competition between non-pest prey and pests. Such communities, including pests, non-pest prey, and natural enemies have been shown to be af
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, for a monolayer of transition metal dichalcogenide H-NbS2 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on graphene, we provide unambiguous evidence for a charge density wave (CDW) with a 3 × 3 superstructure, which is not present in bulk NbS2. Local spectroscopy displays a pronounced gap on the order of 20 meV at the Fermi level. Within the gap, low-energy
Hyponatremia is a severe electrolyte disturbance associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Accurate assessment of patient fluid-volume status is central to effective management. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the Cheetah NICOM bioreactance system and apelin in early differentiation between hypo- and euvolemia i
OBJECTIVE: Mortality caused by coronary artery disease has markedly decreased in recent years. However, a substantial proportion of patients suffering a coronary event (CE) die within the first day, most of them out of hospital. We aimed to investigate how established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV autonomic indices associate with fatal versus non-fatal CEs in the population.METHODS: 33 0
The purpose of this study is to investigate possible differences in brain structure, as measured by T1-weighted MRI, between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HC), and whether any observed differences were in turn more severe in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPSLE) than those without (non-NPSLE). Structural T1weighted MRI was performed on 6
Cell fate reprogramming towards pluripotency or alternative somatic cell-types has highlighted the plasticity of adult somatic cells, providing new technologies to generate desired cell types for tissue repair or for disease modeling. There is momentum to bring these concepts to immunology by specifying unique immune cellular identities that set in motion immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) ar
Platelets have recently emerged as important immune modulators in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in addition to their role in thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. However, studies investigating mean platelet volume (MPV) in SLE are often scarce, conflicting and cross-sectional. In this study, MPV was measured in clinical routine throughout a defined time-period to quantify both individual M
