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Popular Abstract in Swedish Spektroskopi är den vetenskapsgren som används för att studera samspelet mellan strålning/ljus och materia för tillämpningar i både diagnostiska och terapeutiska syften. Då ljus sänds in i ett prov sätts olika fysikaliska processer igång. I denna avhandling studeras företrädesvis en process som kallas för absorption. Vid absorptionsspektroskopi är våglängden av ljuset, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy can be utilised for gas detection in biological and medical applications. The common approach is to analyse transmitted light according to the Beer-Lambertian law. Normally, the light has a well-defined path length through the gas sample since it can be assumed that it has negligible scattering properties. Samples which, by contrast, have strong scatteri

A consecutive series of patients with all types of cervical hip fracture (both undisplaced and displaced) were randomised to osteosynthesis with Hansson hook-pins (n = 98) or AO-screws (n = 101). Background parameters, fracture type and reduction of the fracture did not differ significantly between the groups. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were operated on within 6 h of admission to hospital

We analyze the higher-twist effects and the SU(3)-flavor symmetry breaking in the correlation functions used to calculate form factors of pseudoscalar mesons in the QCD light-cone sum rule approach. It is shown that the Ward identities for these correlation functions yield relations between twist-4 two-and three-particle distribution amplitudes. In addition to the relations already obtained from t

Excited states in (196)AU, populated in the Pt-196(p,n) and (d,2n) reactions, were investigated by in-beam gamma -ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy. Two only weakly connected level structures, built on the 2(-) ground state (negative-parity level scheme) and on the 5(+) isomer at 84.7 keV (positive-parity level scheme), are observed. The point of main effort of the present work was the inve

PURPOSE AND MATERIAL: The aim of this work was, firstly, to compare different manufacturer-provided MRA sequences in a 1.0 T MR unit, with respect to the visibility of an artificial stenosis in a flow phantom and, secondly, to evaluate the same sequences in healthy volunteers with respect to S/N ratio levels and practical in vivo implementation routines. METHODS: The studied sequences were 2D and

Chemical control of desert locust (DL) is carried out over large areas of land, covering a range of different landscapes and ecosystems. There are no real restrictions for spraying in or close to environmentally sensitive areas and awareness of sensitivity is not always obvious to the people involved in control. However, concern about environmental issues in connection with DL control is growing a

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor, based on an immobilised mixed culture of microorganisms in combination with a dissolved oxygen electrode, has been developed for the purpose of on-line monitoring of the biological treatment process for waste and wastewater. The sensor was designed for easy replacement of the biomembrane, thereby making it suitable for short-term use. The drawbacks of acti

We point out that human low-Mr kininogen contains three cystatin-like sequences, rather than two, as had previously been thought. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography on carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose, and subjected to limited proteolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin. Fragments were isolated, and three corresponding to the individual cystatin-like domains were identified. By comparis

We study distributions F on [0, infinity) such that for some T less than or equal to infinity F*(2)(x, x + T] similar to 2F(x, x + T]. The case T = infinity corresponds to F being subexponential, and our analysis shows that the properties for T < &INFIN; are, in fact, very similar to this classical case. A parallel theory is developed in the presence of densities. Applications are given to ran

Vertebroplastik och kyfoplastik är två nya behandlingsmetoder vid osteoporotiska kotkompressioner, där man genom en perkutant insatt kanyl fyller den skadade kotkroppen med bencement så att frakturen stabiliseras, ryggsmärtan reduceras och patientmobiliseringen underlättas. Det finns inga prospektiva, randomiserade, kontrollerade studier publicerade som värderar effekterna av vertebro- och kyfoplaDuring the last 15 years, two new treatment strategies have gained worldwide attention in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The exponential increase in the use of percutaneous vertebro- or kyphoplasty has up to now not been supported by scientific sound evidence-based data. There exist no prospective randomised controlled trials (RCT) that support the efficacy of the treatments, n

The use of low emissivity windows degrades radio communication. This Communication presents design, manufacturing, and test measurements for an energy saving window that is transparent to GSM, GPS, and 3G radio wave frequencies. A frequency selective structure (FSS) is used in the metallic coating of the window to provide the desirable transparency in the frequency range from 900 MHz to 2 GHz. The

For linear systems with quadratic loss the optimal control is a linear feedback from all the state variables of the system. If all the states are not measurable, it is sometimes possible to construct a suboptimal linear regulator which is almost as good as the full optimal. In this report an algorithm is deduced, which computes a suboptimal strategy when the statistics of the initial state of the