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A review and expansion of the fundamental processes of the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism for nanowires is presented. Although the focus is on nanowires, most of the concepts may be applicable to whiskers, nanotubes, and other unidirectional growth. Important concepts in the VLS mechanism such as preferred deposition, supersaturation, and nucleation are examined. Nanowire growth is feas
Abstract. In this paper we examine subalgebras on two generators in the univariate polynomial ring. A set, S, of polynomials in a subalgebra of a polynomial ring is called a canonical basis (also referred to as SAGBI basis) for the subalgebra if all lead monomials in the subalgebra are products of lead monomials of polynomials in S. In this paper we prove that a pair of polynomials ff; gg is a can
Our purpose is to find factors that are important for expected returns and risk of Swedish industrial portfolios during 1980–1997. The tested factors are supposed to be essential for a small open economy. We take into account the small sample problem that surfaces in the form of firms dominating the value weighted test portfolios. An extreme bound analysis (EBA) investigates the robustness of the
ATP-dependent priming of the secretory granules precedes Ca(2+)-regulated neuroendocrine secretion, but the exact nature of this reaction is not fully established in all secretory cell types. We have further investigated this reaction in the insulin-secreting pancreatic B-cell and demonstrate that granular acidification driven by a V-type H(+)-ATPase in the granular membrane is a decisive step in
Reliable performance evaluation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be done by simulating the plant behavior over a wide range of influent disturbances, including series of rain events with different intensity and duration, seasonal temperature variations, holiday effects, etc. Such simulation-based WWTP performance evaluations are in practice limited by the long simulation time of the mech
Evaluation schemes, e.g., least-squares fitting, are not generally applicable to any types of experiments. If the evaluation schemes were not derived from a measurement model that properly described the experiment to be evaluated, poorer precision or accuracy than attainable from the measured data could result.. We outline ways in which statistical data evaluation schemes should be derived for all
A structure determination in combination with a kinetic study of the steroid converting isozyme of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, SS-ADH, is presented. Kinetic parameters for the substrates, 5β-androstane-3β,17β-ol, 5β-androstane-17β-ol-3-one, ethanol, and various secondary alcohols and the corresponding ketones are compared for the SS- and EE-isozymes which differ by nine amino acid substitut
Aqueous extract of Clinopodium vulgare L. showed strong antitumour activity when tested in vitro on A2058 (human metastatic melanoma), HEp-2 (epidermoid carcinoma, larynx, human) and L5178Y (mouse lymphoma) cell lines-6 h after treatment disintegration of the nuclei and cell lysis started. Applied at a concentration of 80 microg/ml it reduced the cell survival to 1.0, 5.6 and 6.6%, respectively. T
A box graph is the intersection graph of orthogonal rectangles in the plane. We consider such basic combinatorial problems on box graphs as maximum independent set, minimum vertex cover and maximum induced subgraph with polynomial-time testable hereditary property Pi. We show that they can be exactly solved in subexponential time, more precisely, in time 2(O(rootnlog n)), by applying Miller's simp
Molecularly imprinted polymer coatings were synthesized in fused-silica capillary columns by the use of a surface-coupled radical initiator. The coatings were prepared using either toluene, dichloromethane, or acetonitrile in the prepolymerization mixtures and were 0.15-2 microm thick as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Solvent-dependent differences in appearance were observed. All the
Chemically fashioned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowalls on aluminum wire have been characterized and utilized to fabricate a potentiometric cholesterol biosensor by an electrostatic conjugation with cholesterol oxidase. The sensitivity, specificity, reusability, and stability of the conjugated surface of ZnO nanowalls with thickness of similar to 80 nm have been investigated over a wide logarithmic concen
BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounted for 9% to 27% of all strokes worldwide in the last decade, with high early case fatality and poor functional outcome. In view of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the management of ICH, the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) has updated its evidence-based guidelines for the management of ICH. MethodA multidisciplinary writing committee
The objective of this study was to evaluate operative results and 1-year outcomes in early vs late experience after fenestrated endovascular aortic repair.
In this paper, we present results of optical simulations on the absorption of nanowires. The simulation was performed with rigorous coupled wave analysis to determine the potential of nanowires for use in a new kind of nanostructured solar cell. The overall absorption of the solar cell structure was calculated for four different diameters of the nanowires and also in dependence of light wavelength
Event detection is used to classify recorded gaze points into periods of fixation, saccade, smooth pursuit, blink, and noise. Although there is an overall consensus that current algorithms for event detection have serious flaws and that a de facto standard for event detection does not exist, surprisingly little work has been done to remedy this problem. We suggest a new velocity-based algorithm th
Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is currently changing the clinical routine for identification of microbial pathogens. One important application is the rapid identification of bacteria for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI). A novel approach based on acoustic trapping and an integrated selective enrichment target (ISET) microchi
A fundamental aspect in the regulation of the continuity of electricity supply is the identification of faults that could be caused by an exceptional event and, therefore, that are outside the utility control and responsibility. Different methods have been proposed during the years: the interpretation of the observed faults as a signal of an underlying system naturally leads to the analysis of the
We consider a distribution system consisting of a central warehouse and a group of retailers facing independent stochastic demand. The retailers replenish from the warehouse, and the warehouse from an outside supplier with ample supply. Time is continuous. Most previous studies on inventory control policies for this system have considered stock-based batch-ordering policies. We develop a time-base
