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Background Access to adequate antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Despite high national ANC coverage, Colombia still faces regional and socioeconomic disparities. This study aims to estimate geographical and intersectional inequalities in ANC coverage and evaluate the contribution of social determinants to these disparities. Methods We conducted a c
Objective. To evaluate an intervention involving advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) to Swedish teenage girls. Material and methods. Some 420 girls aged 15-19, requesting ECP at a local youth clinic were randomly assigned to intervention group (IG) (n=214) or control group (CG) (n=206). Both groups received ECP on request. The IG received one extra dose of ECP, condoms and an Objective. To evaluate an intervention involving advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) to Swedish teenage girls. Material and methods. Some 420 girls aged 15–19, requesting ECP at a local youth clinic were randomly assigned to intervention group (IG) (n = 214) or control group (CG) (n = 206). Both groups received ECP on request. The IG received one extra dose of ECP, condoms and
Persistent Pain (PP) in children often has a high impact on their functioning. Knowledge about how to meet the needs is insufficient, especially regarding younger children, children with comorbid psychiatric health conditions, and within different national contexts. A specialized pediatric pain clinic for PP in Sweden offers assessment and interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation (IPR) and collects d
Introduction Asthma may increase the risk of comorbidities and systemic inflammation, but population data are scarce. This study aimed to compare comorbidities and systemic inflammation between those with and without current asthma and to identify characteristics linked to comorbidities and biomarkers. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of 28 828 people aged 50–64 in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary
Summary: The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 29 prospective cohorts. RA was associated with an increased fracture risk in men and women, and these data will be used to update FRAX®. Introduction: RA is a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture that is incorporated into the FRA
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are disorders of the motor unit (motor neuron diseases, diseases of the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction diseases, and diseases affecting the muscle fibers). A common denominator of these diseases is muscle atrophy and progressive weakness. Quantitative assessments of muscle function are therefore essential to follow disease progression, to understand the as
Background: Pain in childhood is common, but there is an information gap on initial care seeking. Our aim was to determine trends and variations in the consultation prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal pain, and most common sites of pain, in children and young people presenting to UK primary care. Methods: A national UK primary care database (CPRD Aurum) was used to determine annual prevale
Introduction The recognition of breathlessness in clinical practice appears suboptimal, despite its prevalence and impact. This study aimed to explore the content of clinical conversations about breathlessness and patients’ level of self-reported openness when discussing their breathlessness. Methods A cross-sectional, online survey of Australian adults (≥18 years) stratified to the 2016 National
Epidemiology has achieved substantial methodological refinement in recent decades, yet its social resonance has not always kept pace. This essay reflects on tendencies within influential sectors of the field toward methodological sophistication that, while yielding genuine intellectual advances, can unintentionally distance epidemiology from its civic and historical roots. By privileging what is a
Many studies compare health averages between groups such as neighbourhoods or social categories. Averages are simple but can be misleading, since individuals within the same group often differ widely. We present MAIHDA (Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy) as a general framework to study how context structures health differences. MAIHDA is not a new statisti
Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of 92 inflammatory proteins on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. This study included consecutive patients with early RA recruited between 1995 and 2002. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for 92 inflammatory proteins. CVD diagnoses were retrieved from national in-
Positive teacher-student and student-student relationships are among the most significant factors contributing to learning, motivation, wellbeing, and graduation rates in higher education. Trust is commonly understood as a key element for the development and sustenance of positive educational relationships, yet relatively little empirical research investigates trust in higher education classrooms.
Escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses toward HIV-1 Gag and Nef has been associated with reduced control of HIV-1 replication in adults. However, less is known about CTL-driven immune selection in infants as longitudinal studies of infants are limited. Here, 1,210 gag and 1,264 nef sequences longitudinally collected within 15 months after birth from 14 HIV-1 perinatally infected infant
Sociodemographic inequalities in student achievement are a persistent concern for education systems and are increasingly recognized to be intersectional. Intersectionality considers the multidimensional nature of disadvantage, appreciating the interlocking social determinants which shape individual experience. Intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accura
The rapid emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) presents higher education with unprecedented opportunities to augment and enhance learning. As educators, learners, technologists and institutional leaders, we find ourselves navigating uncharted territory. How can we evaluate, integrate and govern these rapidly evolving technologies responsibly, so that they enrich rather than disp
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a low-dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocol provides diagnostically acceptable image quality for assessing bone healing after alveolar bone grafting. Material and Methods: The study cohort comprised 11 patients (aged 7–14 years) with orofacial clefts who had undergone alveolar bone grafting at Skåne University Hospital in Ma
This guide is designed to supplement the 2024 Advance HE Framework for Enhancing Assessment Framework in Higher Education, which is part of a series of frameworks developed to promote student success. The Enhancing Assessment Framework draws on the findings of an extensive literature review Impacts of higher education assessment and feedback policy and practice on students: a review of the literat
Background: The association between physical frailty and performance in different cognitive domains in the absence of cognitive disorders is poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to explore the associations between frailty levels based on the Fried Physical Frailty Phenotype and performance of different cognitive domains. We also aimed to examine the associations between cognitive function and each c
