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BackgroundPolypharmacy has been linked with social isolation and loneliness among older people. The roles of different medication groups to this association are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) and cardiovascular drugs with loneliness and social isolation.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 6714 adults aged 60 years and above l

INTRODUCTION: This study examines the link between daytime and nighttime excessive sleep and cognition, cognitive decline, and dementia in individuals with existing mild cognitive impairment (MCI).METHODS: Using data from the Swedish longitudinal study Good Aging in Skåne, participants aged 60-102 years were retrospectively classified as MCI based on cognitive testing. The average follow-up time w

Aims. Chronotropic incompetence and impaired heart rate (HR) recovery are related to mortality. Guidelines lack specific reference values for HR recovery. We defined normal values and studied blunted HR response and recovery and mortality risk. Methods and results. We included 9917 subjects (45% females) aged 18–85 years who performed a cycle exercise test. We defined normal values for peak HR, HR

OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive performance and that cortisol levels may explain this association independently of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarker levels.DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study.SETTING: Memory clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients (n = 162) who agreed to take part in th

SARS-CoV-2 can cause clinical and inapparent disease and mortality in several animals cohabitating with humans, and sheep are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 due to virus–receptor interactions similar to those in humans. Hence, sheep have the potential to be infected, spread, and develop neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SARS-Co

Background Studies on the survival of patients with home mechanical ventilation (HMV) are sparse. We aimed to analyse the impact of controlled hypercapnia on survival over 27 years among patients with HMV in Sweden. Study design and methods Population-based cohort study of adult patients starting HMV in the Swedish Registry for Respiratory Failure (Swedevox) during 1996–2022 cross-linked with the

Background: Respiratory symptoms are common in the general adult population. Increased burden of respiratory symptoms may increase the risk of mortality. We assessed the association between respiratory symptom clusters and mortality. Methods: Participants were derived from two population-based Swedish adult cohorts (N = 63,060). Cluster analysis was performed with Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH)-

In the past two decades there’s been an incredible development in the field of in vitro neural cultures. Thanks to the developments in embryonic stem cell technology, and the ability to produce pluripotent stem cells from adult human cells, producing human neural cultures has become much more widely accessible, and the ability to recreate physiological processes is increasing at an accelerating ra

BackgroundEarly initiation of breastfeeding, defined as breastfeeding within one hour of birth, halves the risk of neonatal mortality, establishing it as a crucial outcome component in various interventions implemented across South Asian countries. However, the overall effect of these interventions remain unexamined. Therefore, this study seeks to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the overa

OBJECTIVES: To compare sociodemographic, clinical, and suicide-specific characteristics between younger old (aged 65-74) and older old (aged 75+) adults who died by suicide in 2015, and to identify clinically relevant subgroups in the entire study cohort 65+ through cluster analysis.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: All health care units across Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65+ w

Summary: Screening initiatives for osteoporosis must facilitate treatment of those at elevated fracture risk. In a randomized controlled trial of 24,229 women, those in the screening group with FRAX ≥ 15% were invited for DXA with AOM treatment offered as per national guidelines. Treatment initiation in the following year was 9.5 times higher compared with controls. Purpose: To determine if screen

Introduction Asthma may increase the risk of comorbidities and systemic inflammation, but population data are scarce. This study aimed to compare comorbidities and systemic inflammation between those with and without current asthma and to identify characteristics linked to comorbidities and biomarkers. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of 28 828 people aged 50–64 in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary

Summary: The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 29 prospective cohorts. RA was associated with an increased fracture risk in men and women, and these data will be used to update FRAX®. Introduction: RA is a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture that is incorporated into the FRA

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are disorders of the motor unit (motor neuron diseases, diseases of the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction diseases, and diseases affecting the muscle fibers). A common denominator of these diseases is muscle atrophy and progressive weakness. Quantitative assessments of muscle function are therefore essential to follow disease progression, to understand the as

Background: Pain in childhood is common, but there is an information gap on initial care seeking. Our aim was to determine trends and variations in the consultation prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal pain, and most common sites of pain, in children and young people presenting to UK primary care. Methods: A national UK primary care database (CPRD Aurum) was used to determine annual prevale

Introduction The recognition of breathlessness in clinical practice appears suboptimal, despite its prevalence and impact. This study aimed to explore the content of clinical conversations about breathlessness and patients’ level of self-reported openness when discussing their breathlessness. Methods A cross-sectional, online survey of Australian adults (≥18 years) stratified to the 2016 National

Epidemiology has achieved substantial methodological refinement in recent decades, yet its social resonance has not always kept pace. This essay reflects on tendencies within influential sectors of the field toward methodological sophistication that, while yielding genuine intellectual advances, can unintentionally distance epidemiology from its civic and historical roots. By privileging what is a

Many studies compare health averages between groups such as neighbourhoods or social categories. Averages are simple but can be misleading, since individuals within the same group often differ widely. We present MAIHDA (Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy) as a general framework to study how context structures health differences. MAIHDA is not a new statisti