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Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudier och är tematiskt uppdelad i två delar. I den första delen undersöker jag vilken betydelse betyget i Gymnastik (nuvarande Idrott & Hälsa) har för framtida sjukdom med fokus på rörelseorganen. I den andra delen undersöker jag vilken betydelse isometrisk muskelstyrka (d.v.s. kraft alstrad utan nämnvärd förkortning av muskeln) har Although Physical Education (PE) is a part of the school curriculum in many countries, the association between the performance in PE and later morbidity is largely unknown. An important marker of health, cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. It has been suggested that muscle strength is associated in a similar way. However, whethe

Brottmekaniska processer ar något som intresserat människor i alla tider. Ibland har det varit för att vinna en fördel t ex vid tillverking av flintverktyg och malmbrytning, men oftast for att förhindra mekanisk kollaps. I det senare fallet kan oförsiktighet resultera i spruckna tallrikar eller trasiga fönster, men ocksa i allvarligare saker som brott i flygplansvingar eller fartygsskrov som i vär

Naturvårdsverket har i regleringsbrevet för år 2009 fått i uppdrag av regeringen att redovisa vilka element som verket bedömer bör ingå i övervakningen av GMO som introduceras i miljön för försök eller i kommersiell odling. I samråd med Miljödepartementet har uppdraget avgränsats till att inte inkludera försök, utan enbart beröra kommersiell odling. Denna rapport utgör redovisningen av uppdraget.I

OBJECTIVE: CD4+CD28null T cells have been shown to be associated with recurrent coronary events and suggested as potential biomarker and therapeutic target. It is unknown whether CD4+CD28null T cells associate with first-time cardiovascular events. We examined CD4+CD28null T cells in a prospective population-based cohort and in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: CD4+CD28

Den här avhandlingen handlar om luftburna designade nanopartiklar och hur mantar reda på vilka egenskaper de har. Luftburna partiklar eller aerosoler är något sommänniskan alltid har haft omkring sig. Oavsett om det varit i form av pollen, rök fråneldstaden, eller från astmainhalatorn så har de alltid varit där och påverkat oss. I varjeandetag drar vi in flera tusen partiklar, men vilken typ de ärThis thesis will explore parts of the life of engineered nanoparticles, from generation in research environments andprocess monitoring, to emissions in an industrial setting. The aim is to give insights into how the particles can becharacterized in different settings and how different characterization methods can be applied depending on need ordemand.Airborne nanoparticles have been around forever

Världens befolkning ökar och i takt med det utbredningen av städer och urbana miljöer. Urbaniseringen är en extrem utmaning för många djurarter och antalet arter har minskat i takt med urbaniseringen. Trots detta finns det en hel del arter som tillsynes verkar blomstra i staden, mycket tack vara den rika tillgången till mat. Men så finns det en också baksida, nämligen de olika miljöföreningar som Urbanisation of natural habitats is rapidly intensifying and poses a potential global threat for wildlife. Thus, it is important to explore its impact on wildlife in order to understand the present and future threats and how resilient organisms are to them. Although many species decline in abundance or even disappear once an area is urbanised, some species, populations and/or individuals are able

Hvor godt forstår den unge generation af danskere og svenskere hinanden?Ikke særlig godt, ifølge en undersøgelse foretaget i Malmø og København i efteråret 2012 og foråret 2013. De unge synes heller ikke at være synderligt optaget af, hvad der foregår lige ovre på den anden side af Sundet, hvilket er tankevækkende i en tid, hvor mulighederne for at bevæge sig mellem nabolandene aldrig har været be

BACKGROUND: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.METHODS: We recruited 30 154 r

The hepatokine follistatin is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and promotes hyperglycemia in mice. Here we explore the relationship of plasma follistatin levels with incident T2D and mechanisms involved. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in follistatin levels for T2D is 1.24 (CI: 1.04-1.47, p < 0.05) during 19-year follow-up (n = 4060, Sweden); and 1.31

Firefighters are occupationally exposed to a large number of toxic compounds (IARC 2010). The occupational exposure of firefighters has been classified as potentially carcinogenic (class 2B, IARC; (Straif K. et al. 2007)). Poorly quantified emission factors and low understanding of when various aerosol emissions are likely to form during a fire event (initiation, combustion, extinguishing) inhibit

Background: MRI is an important tool in the prostate cancer work-up, with special emphasis on the ADC sequence. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ADC and ADC ratio compared to tumor aggressiveness determined by a histopathological examination after radical prostatectomy.Methods: Ninety-eight patients with prostate cancer underwent MRI at five different hospitals prior to radi

Human-bacterial interactions play a crucial role in several essential aspects of life. Here, we describe how a secreted protein from the skin commensal Cutibacterium acnes, RoxP, functions as a sacrificial redox effector molecule that facilitates beneficial interactions with its human host by counteracting oxidative stress and reducing stress-induced inflammation. Using a combination of structural

After the clinical implementation of amyloid-β-targeting therapies for people with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is an urgent need to efficiently identify this patient population in primary care. Therefore, we created a brief and self-administered digital cognitive test battery (BioCog). Based on its sub-scores, a logistic regression model was developed in a secondary

BACKGROUND: Excessive dietary salt intake is associated with elevated blood pressure and damage to organs including the heart, vasculature, and kidneys. Women are more prone to salt-sensitive hypertension, yet preclinical studies often focus on men.METHODS: To examine sex-specific responses to chronic salt loading, male and female C57Bl6/J mice were fed a high-salt diet (HSD; 8% NaCl) from 7 to 14

Independence and collaboration both play crucial roles in PhD students’ research practice and in their socialization into the PhD role. This study examines how theexpectation of PhD students' academic independence intersects with the need for more collaborative engagements within research groups. Drawing on interviews with supervisors and an analysis of co-authorship patterns in PhD studentdissert

OBJECTIVES: Asphalt is frequently used as road pavement and consists of bitumen as a binder, and fillers. Bitumen consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, where a minor component is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs are classified as carcinogenic to humans. Bitumen fumes from road paving have been classified as possibly carcinogenic. Paving and milling are open processes gen

Objective: Investigate the role of metabolic syndrome and obesity in incident osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Prospective cohort study with up to 11 years follow-up. From a general population cohort of 28,786 individuals from Sweden aged 45 to 75, we selected individuals without OA diagnosis and without joint pain during the year prior to the baseline. Metabolic syndrome was defined at baseline by t

Despite the importance of the gut microbiome to health, the role of human genetic variation in shaping its composition remains poorly understood. Here we report genome-wide association analyses of harmonized metagenomic data from 16,017 adults in four Swedish population-based studies, with replication in 12,652 people from the Norwegian HUNT study. We identified variants in the OR51E1–OR51E2 locus