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Biological invasion by non-native tree species can transform landscapes, and as a consequence, has received growing attention from researchers and managers alike. This problem is driven primarily by the naturalisation and invasion of tree species escaping from cultivation or forestry plantations. Furthermore, these invasions can be strongly influenced by the land-use matrix of the surrounding regi
Watching the Olympic and Paralympics Games, we notice that both men and women achieve world-class performances. We see the world’s best sports stars perform extraordinary athletic feats, regardless of who they are or where they come from. This equity was not always present at this world stage. For instance, until 1984, women were prohibited from running marathons during the Olympic Games.1 It may
In this Discussion a few points of confusion concerning chirality are clarified. The term chirodescriptive is proposed for such space groups that lack inversion centres, reflection planes, glide planes or rotary-inversion axes and thus can contain enantiopure, chiral objects. It is pointed out that chiral compounds can (and often do) crystallise in non-chirodescriptive space group when they occur
The goal of this project is the design of the magnetic field of the neutron analyser for the European Spallation Source instrument DREAM (Diffraction Resolved by Energy and Angle Measurements). This instrument is a neutron diffractometer and its purpose is the determination of the magnetic and chemical structure of materials. Simulations have been performed over the span of a semester using the Fi
We present the electrical and mechanical design of a button beam position monitor (BPM) recently developed and installed in the UVX electron storage ring at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The first characterization results will also be presented. This development started when we observed strong correlation between false stripline BPM readings and the external temperature of thi
Kort sammanfattning: Energimyndigheten, Vetenskapsrådet och Vinnova har stött ESS Skandinavien Sekretariatet med 3 Mkr för att undersöka hållbara energi¬lösningar. Resultatet har blivit att ännu större resurser har bidragits från samarbetande industri. Arbetet är fortfarande i ett tidigt skede av utvecklingen, men preliminära beräkningar visar att besparingarna för ESS kan uppgå till fyra gånger dAbstract: Energimyndigheten, Vetenskapsrådet and Vinnova have supported the ESS Scandinavia Secretariat with 3 MSEK to explore sustainable energy solutions. The result has been that even greater resources have been contributed by cooperating industry. The work is still in early stages of progress, but preliminary calculations indicate that the savings for ESS might amount to four times the initial
We investigate whether the recently observed population of high-velocity white dwarfs can be derived from a population of binaries residing initially within the thin disc of the Galaxy. In particular, we consider binaries where the primary is sufficiently massive to explode as a Type II supernova. A large fraction of such binaries are broken up when the primary then explodes as a supernova, owing
This paper presents new methods trellis source coding at rates above and below one. The new schemes have in common a code design based on branch correlation, a large reproducer alphabet, and an encoder based on either the Viterbi algorithm or a tailbiting MAP technique. The methods are easily adapted to various bit rates, but here only the results for R = 2 and R = 1/2 bits per source sample are p
Some of the best compression ratios for text compression are provided by the PPM (prediction by partial matching) class of algorithms. These algorithms are based on arithmetic coding using a fixed-depth Markov chain model of the source, i.e., the subsequence of symbols generated in any state s of the source is assumed to be the output of a memoryless subsource w=w(s). One of the most crucial steps
Protective immunity depends upon the capability of the immune system to properly adapt the response to the nature of an infectious agent. CD4+ Th cells are implicated in this orchestration by secreting a polarized pattern of cytokines. Although Th2 development in animal models and in human cells in vitro to a large extent depends on IL-4, the nature of the cells that provide the initial IL-4 in vi
An electron storage ring acts as an approximate point source in the far-infrared spectral region with a much greater intensity than provided by conventional black body radiators. Far-infrared synchrotron radiation is therefore suitable for high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of low-frequency vibrations for metastable molecules such as the intermolecular vibrational modes of hydrogen-bonded
