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Background and purpose: Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is used for breathing-adapted radiotherapy planning. Irregular breathing, large tumour motion or interpolation of images can cause artefacts in the 4DCT. This study evaluates the impact of artefacts on gross tumour volume (GTV) size. Material and methods: In 19 4DCT scans of patients with peripheral lung tumours, GTV was delineate
As part of the development of the beam imaging system at the European Spallation Source, luminescent screens have been fabricated by the flame spraying of scintillating materials onto stainless steel backings. A total of seven screens were produced, three of chromia alumina (Al2O3:Cr), two of YAG (Y3Al5O12:Ce) and two of a 50/50 mix of these. The properties of these screens under proton irradiatio
The commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw requires utilizing a microorganism that can withstand all the stressors encountered in the process while fermenting all the sugars in the biomass. Therefore, it is essential to develop tools for monitoring and controlling the cellular fitness during both cell propagation and sugar fermentation to ethanol. In t
Introduction: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high risk of experiencing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is associated with morbidity, mortality and healthcare resource utilisation. Clinical guidelines recommend the use of glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular benefits in individuals with T2D and cardiovascular disease, but there is evidence that this
With a national prevalence of 4.9% in the adult population, the HIV-1 epidemic in Kenya is the fifth largest in the world. HIV-1 prevalence is more than three-fold higher among HIV key populations – including men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and female sex workers (FSW) than in the general heterosexual (HET) population. However, the contribution of different risk gr
Aim: To study whether a specific cognitive profile can be identified for children born extremely preterm (EPT) by investigating: 1) strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full-Scale IQ, 2) overlap between different cognitive deficits and 3) proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits. Methods: We analysed data from the 4th version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children in EPT childre
Despite highly rated country-level gender equality, survey-reported experiences of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are common in Sweden, as in neighbouring Nordic countries. This apparently contradictory situation has been referred to as a Nordic Paradox. Among potential partial explanations for this supposed paradox, the complex or multidimensional nature of gender in/equality has
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility to determine regional diagnostic reference levels (RDRLs) for paediatric conventional and CT examinations using the European guidelines and to compare RDRLs derived from weight and age groups, respectively. Methods: Data were collected from 31 hospitals in 4 countries, for 7 examination types for a total of 2978 patients. RDRLs we
BACKGROUND: Understanding the molecular biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) provides opportunities for effective personalised patient management. We evaluated whether chromosomal aberrations, mutations in the PI(3)K signalling pathway and the CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in primary colorectal tumours can predict liver metastases.METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from prim
Background: Alpha-synucleinopathies (AS) are characterized by pathologic aggregations of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the central nervous system, and comprise dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. Previous studies on AS have reported findings of α-syn pathology in the peripheral nervous system of multiple organs, including the heart.Objective: The aim of this s
Air pollution and exposure to fine airborne particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) negatively impacts human health. Airways constitute a primary route of exposure but PM2.5-contaminated food, drinks as well as mucociliary and hepatobiliary clearance all constitute potential entry points into the intestine. This study evaluated intestinal histopathological and inflammatory changes as w
Previous studies have suggested that the development of diabetes in the BB rats does not require the expression of T lymphopenia. In order to derive non-lymphopenic diabetic rats and define the relationship between the T cell abnormalities, MHC genotype, and diabetes, we performed a cross between BB/H and diabetes resistant BB/control followed by an intercross of the F1. In the F2, the overall inc
Background: Despite early referral of uraemic patients to nephrological care, suboptimal dialysis initiation (SDI) remains a common problem associated with increased morbimortality. We hypothesized that SDI is related to pre-dialysis care.Methods: In the 'Peridialysis' study, time and reasons for dialysis initiation (DI), clinical and biochemical data and centre characteristics were registered dur
Objectives There is growing interest in the construct of alexithymia as it has been increasingly associated with a wide range of psychological disorders, in clinical samples and general population. In comparison to studies relating alexithymia and negative affectivity, there has been a scarcity of studies exploring such links with positive emotions. This study aims to explore the association betwe
Experiments manipulating the nutritional environment and the associated microbiome of animals have demonstrated their importance for key fitness components. However, there is little information on how macronutrient composition and bacterial communities in natural food sources vary across seasons in nature and on how these factors affect the fitness components of insects. In this study, diet sample
Using survey data from three nationally representative surveys in 2004, 2009, and 2014 among senior high school students in Sweden, this study investigates trends in adolescents’ lifetime prevalence of pornography use, frequency of pornography use, and type of pornography used over time. While almost all boys and a considerable proportion of girls used pornography across the three waves, the lifet
Objectives/Hypothesis: The aims were to determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including voice problems, dysphagia, depression, and anxiety after total laryngectomy (TL), and investigate the associations between HRQoL and the late effects. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: 172 participants having received a TL 1.6 to 18.1 years ago for laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer filled
Background: Compression of the greater occipital nerve (GON) may contribute to chronic headache, neck pain, and migraine in a subset of patients. We aimed to evaluate whether GON decompression could reduce pain and improve quality of life in patients with occipital neuralgia and chronic headache and neck pain. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, selected patients with neck pain and headac
