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PURPOSE: To estimate the effect of dexamethasone eye drops on the risk of progression from type 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to ROP requiring traditional treatments.DESIGN: Register-based cohort study.PARTICIPANTS: Preterm infants born before 30 weeks' gestation from 2015-2018 (control years) and from 2020-2021 (intervention years) registered in the Swedish Quality Register for ROP at 4 Swed

Yellow peas possess an excellent nutritional profile with a high protein content and fermentation, enhancing the flour's functional and physicochemical properties. This study evaluated the impact of Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) with Rhizopus delemar (formerly known as Rhizopus oryzae) and Submerged State (SmF) with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on yellow pea flour, alongside its application

It is well known that marine fish dynamics relate with climate variability, and predicting future population developments have become increasingly urgent with on-going climate change. One approach in widespread populations is to study how individuals from different parts of the distribution area respond to climate, thereby testing for potential resilience in terms of local adaptions against enviro

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Disturbed beta-cell function is the final culprit that leads to the development of T2D. In addition, impaired incretin effect is likely a part of the pathogenesis of T2D. The aim of this thesis was to study the role of CART in beta-cells and incretin producing L- and K-cells.Endogen

Importance: The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer is controversial because of the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent cancers. Optimal screening strategies are highly sought. Objective: To estimate the long-term risk of any prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer based on baseline PSA levels among men aged 55 to 60 years. Design

A comprehensive understanding of local HIV epidemiology is essential for monitoring transmission, designing, implementing, and evaluating HIV intervention strategies. In paper I, we used a total of 1276 HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences and employed state-of-art phylogenetic and phylodynamic tools to describe the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Ethiopia. Our results showed that the HIV epidemic in Et

Coal is used to generate electricity and produce high-value chemicals through coal gasification, liquefaction, and coke. During combustion sulfur is released, which leads to acid rain formation. Mineral matter present in coal is undesirable because it causes technological problems such as corrosion of equipment and reduction of overall rate of combustion of coal. Also, after combustion, the minera

BACKGROUND: Preventing infection in primary sutured perineal tears after childbirth is crucial to avoid systemic antibiotic use and potential complications from poor healing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an antibacterial, triclosan-coated suture (VicrylPlus ®) in reducing infection in primary sutured childbirth-related perineal tears. METHODS: The PLUS study was a single-center,

Background: The water supply in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, has been unstable and under strain for decades, resulting in major issues with drinking water quality, reliability, and acceptability. In 2018, between 25% and 30% of Gazans did not have regular access to running water. The progressive deterioration of water infrastructure and concerns over the quality of piped water have resulted in a com

In Europe, willow (Salix spp.) trees have been used commercially since the 1980s at a large scale to produce renewable energy. While reducing fossil fuel needs, growing short rotation coppices (SRCs), such as poplar or willow, may have a high impact on local air quality as these species are known to produce high amounts of isoprene, which can lead to the production of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to establish an empirical model of the ion recombination in the Advanced Markus ionization chamber for measurements in high dose rate/dose-per-pulse electron beams. In addition, we compared the observed ion recombination to calculations using the standard Boag two-voltage-analysis method, the more general theoretical Boag models, and the semiempirical general

Drought is predicted to increase in the future due to climate change, bringing with it myriad impacts on ecosystems. Plants respond to drier soils by reducing stomatal conductance in order to conserve water and avoid hydraulic damage. Despite the importance of plant drought responses for the global carbon cycle and local and regional climate feedbacks, land surface models are unable to capture obs

Climate change models predict an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought periods as well as precipitation events. Moisture and its fluctuations have a large impact on soil microorganisms, which are key drivers of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. When there is a drought period followed by a rainfall event there is a big CO2 release from soil to the atmosphere, which can dominate the C b

Rationale & Objective: There is a dearth of data characterizing patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for kidney failure due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe trends in incidence and prevalence of KRT among these patients as well as to compare their outcomes versus those of patients treated with KRT for diseas

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose, found in virtually all plantswhere it is responsible for rigidity, hydrophobicity and mineral transport. For a long time, it has been considereda waste in the paper production process and incinerated for its energy content. However, with the depletion ofcrude oil reserves, it has been found to have a large potential to become

Background: With the approval of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is an increased need for efficient and non-invasive detection methods for cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Current methods, including positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, are costly and invasive methods that may limit access to new treatments. Plasm

Different tau biomarkers become abnormal at different stages of Alzheimer's disease, with CSF phospho-tau typically becoming elevated at subthreshold levels of tau-PET binding. To capitalize on the temporal order of tau biomarker-abnormality and capture the earliest changes of tau accumulation, we implemented an observational study design to examine longitudinal changes in Tau-PET, cortical thickn

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been suggested to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, evidence from epidemiological studies remain divergent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between PFAS exposure and prevalent diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential to develop preventive treatment strategies. Detectible change in brain volume emerges relatively late in the pathogenic progression of disease, but microstructural changes caused by early neuropathology may cause subtle changes in the MR signal, quantifiable using texture analysis. Texture analysis quantifies spatial patterns in an image, such as

The development of functionally competent, self-tolerant T cells in the thymus is an essential prerequisite for the formation of adaptive immune responses against foreign pathogens. Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) form specialized stromal microenvironments in the cortex (cTEC) and medulla (mTEC) of the thymus that support all stages of T cell development, from the entry of thymocyte progenitors to