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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, small airway remodeling, and emphysema. Airway remodeling in patients with COPD involves both the airway epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is currently unknown how epithelial remodeling in COPD airways depends on the relative influence from inherent defects in the epithelial
Population bottlenecks associated with founder events strongly impact the establishment and genetic makeup of populations. In addition to their genotype, founding individuals also bring along parasites, as well as symbionts that can manipulate the phenotype of their host, affecting the host population establishment, dynamics and evolution. Thus, to understand introduction, invasion, and spread, we
The Kathmandu Valley in Nepal is facing a water quantity and quality crisis due to rapid urbanization and haphazard water and wastewater planning and management. Annually, groundwater extractions in the Kathmandu Valley exceed capture, resulting in groundwater table declines. Streams are often important sources of recharge to (or destination of discharges from) aquifers. However, stream-aquifer in
Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to idiopathic scoliosis (IS). We identified 8 monozygotic twin pairs with IS, 6 discordant (Cobb angle difference >10°) and 2 concordant (Cobb angle difference ≤2°). Genome‐wide methylation in blood was measured with the Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC Beadchip. We tested for differences in methylation and methylation variability between discordant twins and tes
Within the larger ABC superfamily of ATPases, ABCF family members eEF3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and EttA in Escherichia coli have been found to function as ribosomal translation factors. Several other ABCFs including biochemically characterized VgaA, LsaA and MsrE confer resistance to antibiotics that target the peptidyl transferase center and exit tunnel of the ribosome. However, the diversity
This chapter discusses Bergman’s potential worth in the commercial film market on the basis of the director’s own correspondence with potential co-producers and international distributors of his films. The author first studies Bergman’s ample correspondence with Carl Anders Dymling, the powerful head of the Swedish production company Svensk Filmindustri between 1942 and 1961; most of Bergman’s ear
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to seek evidence of a relationship between damage to the optic radiation (OR) in the immature brain and subsequent development of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and associated visual manifestations.Methods: Seven cases (2 males and 5 females ranging in age from 18 to 35 years old) were selected from a large cohort of individuals with known white matt
More than 100 distinct mutations in the gene (SOD1) for human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) have been associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). Studies of these mutant proteins, which often have been performed under far from physiological conditions, have indicated effects on protein stabilities, catalytic activity, and metal binding affinities but with no common
All cells of the musculoskeletal system possess transmembrane syndecan proteoglycans, notably syndecan-4. In fibroblasts it regulates integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Syndecan-4 null mice have a complex wound repair phenotype while their fibroblasts have reduced focal adhesions and matrix contraction abilities. Signalling through syndecan-4 core protein to the actin cytoskel
Stomatopod crustaceans employ unique ultraviolet (UV) optical filters in order to tune the spectral sensitivities of their UV-sensitive photoreceptors. In the stomatopod species Neogonodactylus oerstedii, we previously found four filter types, produced by five distinct mycosporine-like amino acid pigments in the crystalline cones of their specialized midband ommatidial facets. This UV-spectral tun
Background: There is growing evidence that the neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders depression, ataxia and dystonia share common biological pathways. We therefore aimed to increase our understanding of their shared pathophysiology by investigating their shared biological pathways and molecular networks. Methods: We constructed gene sets for depression, ataxia, and dystonia using the Human P
We demonstrate the use of Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopic (LSFM) imaging for viewing the dynamic of atomizing sprays with high contrast and resolution. The technique presents several advantages: first liquid fluorescence gives a more faithful representation of the structure of liquid bodies, droplets and ligaments than Mie scattering does. The reason for this is that the signal is emitted by
The potential for using germline genome editing (GGE) in humans has garnered a lot of attention, both for its scientific possibilities as well as for the ethical, legal, and social challenges it ignites. The ethical debate has focused primarily on the suggestions of using GGE to establish a pregnancy (i.e., to offer it in a clinical setting), which is, to date, illegal in many jurisdictions. The u
Prunus africana is a fast-growing, evergreen canopy tree with several medicinal, household, and agroforestry uses, as well as ecological value for over 22 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This species is under immense pressure from human activity, compounding its vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Predicting suitable habitats for P. africana under changing climate is essential for con
Objective: Congenitally corrected and surgical atrial redirected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) represents states where the morphological right ventricle serves as a systemic ventricle (S-RV). The S-RV is prone to failure, but data on medical treatment on this problem is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival in adults with S-RV, with or without heart failure tr
Background: Fine roots and their symbionts are the key drivers of processes such as nutrient cycling and belowground productivity. Their function depends on position in a branching hierarchy, with absorptive roots (responsible for resource acquisition), and transport roots. Aim: We examined how the different diameter cutoffs for root classification mirror concentrations of 11 different nutrients,
Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of referrals for suspected glaucoma based on elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) made by optometric practitioners in Sweden. Methods: This prospective study included 95 individuals referred to the Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden, during 2019, by optometric practitioners, based on elevated IOP. Positive outcome was defined as a diagnosis of glaucoma, or a di
Infection of mice and rats with any one of five tested human adenovirus types belonging to groups A and B (types 3, 7, 12, 18 and 31) induced an immunity to the TSTAs of type 12 tumors as detected by the colony inhibition (CI) test. No immunity was found against an adenovirus type 1 tumor. Two adenovirus types belonging to group C (types 1 and 5) were similarly tested and found to induce a clear‐c
Developing organisms typically mature earlier and at larger sizes in favorable growth conditions, while in rarer cases, maturity is delayed. The rarer reaction norm is easily accommodated by general life history models, whereas the common pattern is not. Theory suggests that a solution to this paradox lies in the existence of critical size thresholds at which maturation or metamorphosis can commen
The transport sector needs to become sustainable and public transport has an important role to play. Green public procurement has proven to have great potential to influence the transition to a sustainable public transport sector. Sweden is a good example of a country that uses public procurement in the public transport sector to a large extent and has at the same time come far in the transition t
