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The two aims of this study were to analyse the impact of methadone on outcome, and to confirm the results from previous meta-analyses by using a different methodology. The literature on randomized controlled trials ( RCT) of methadone as maintenance treatment for opioid dependence was systematically reviewed. Eight studies involving 1511 patients were included. Both dichotomous and continuous vari
Vitellogenin (VTG) is a well known protein biomarker for exposure to environmental estrogens and possible endocrine disruption in fish. VTG is very dominant in plasma after the onset of vitellogenesis and the protein is heavily phosphorylated. This enables indirect quantification through measurement of alkali-labile protein bound phosphate (ALP) as an alternative to the more expensive enzyme linke
Scatter correction in SPECT is important for improving image quality, boundary detection and the quantification of activity in different regions. This paper presents a comparison of four scatter correction methods, three using more than one energy window and one convolution-subtraction correction method using spatial variant scatter line-spread functions. METHODS: The comparison is based on Monte
An amorphous, colorless, and highly transparent polymer containing boron atoms in its branched chain architecture was synthesised from boron trioxide, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and methoxy end-capped PEG. Electrolytes based on this polymer and different concentrations of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were prepared and characterised by impedance spectroscopy, calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The
The enzymatic hydrolysis process can be used to produce bioethanol from softwood, which are the dominating raw material in the Northern hemisphere. This thesis deals with the development of the process focusing on the pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis stages. The influence of pretreatment conditions on sugar yield, and the effect of inhibitors on the ethanol yield, were investigated for s
Head-and-neck tumors are often situated at an air-tissue interface what may result in an underdosage of part of the tumor in radiotherapy treatments using megavoltage photons. especially for small fields. In addition to effects of transient electronic disequilibrium, for these small fields, an increased lateral electron range in air will result in an important extra reduction of the central axis (
The effect of illumination at 5 K of photosystem II in different S-states was investigated with EPR spectroscopy. Two split radical EPR signals around g 2.0 were observed from samples given 0 and 3 flashes, respectively. The signal from the 0-flash sample was narrow, with a width of ~80 G, in which the low-field peak can be distinguished. This signal oscillated with the S1 state in the sample. The
We reconstructed forest development and disturbance events (fire and logging) during the last 1000 yr with tree-ring data, pollen and charcoal analysis from a semi-natural Fagus sylvatica-Picea abies forest (ca. I km(2)) in the hemiboreal zone. According to pollen analysis, Quercus robur together with Pinus sylvestris was abundant in the forest until the turn of the 18th/19th centuries when these
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has long been considered the golden standard for non-invasive measurement of tissue fat content. With improved techniques for fat/water separation, imaging has become an alternative to MRS for fat quantification. Several imaging models have been proposed, but their performance relative to MRS at very low fat contents is yet not fully established. In this work,
With the wind farms moving further from shore, new challenges arise. Technicians must visit the turbines almost daily because of the constant need for maintenance. But when the transport time from shore to the wind farm turns into hours is some kind of permanent accommodation required at the farm for the technicians to live on. Apart fromaccommodation the deep water is a big challenge. This paper
Brottsligheten i Sverige har på senare tid blivit alltmer komplicerad och omfattande, vilket har inneburit allvarliga påfrestningar både för rättssystemet och för de enskilda som på något sätt har varit inblandade i dessa mål. Med anledning härav tillsattes den 7 april 2016 ett antal särskilda utredare med uppgift att undersöka hur straffprocessen i stora brottmål skulle kunna effektiviseras med bIn recent years, criminal behaviour has changed quite a bit due to an increased internationalization and an advanced use of internet. As a result, the frequency of complex and large-scaled crimes has increased remarkably, which has caused the Swedish judicial system great difficulties. Both the crime investigations and the legal proceedings in these cases require huge recourses, and additionally,
The aim of this thesis was to explore how people with psychiatric disabilities experience interventions of supportive occupation, and how it affects their well-being, sense of meaningfulness, and participation in society. Since the thesis aimed to explore the individuals’ feelings and experiences, it was based on a qualitative methodological approach. Through semi-structured interviews, the contex
Rysk-amerikanska Emma Goldman och kinesiska He-Yin Zhen kom från två olika delar av världen och var aktiva inom olika kunskapstraditioner och kulturer. Ändå var de båda anarkister som kämpade för kvinnlig frigörelse, och båda var de kritiska till de samtida rörelserna som stred för kvinnors politiska rättigheter. Det finns få studier som jämför tidig amerikansk feminism med tidig kinesisk feminismRussian-American Emma Goldman and Chinese He-Yin Zhen came from different parts of the world, and thus weren’t active within the same knowledge systems and cultures. However, they were both anarchists fighting for the liberation of women, and both were strongly criticising the contemporary women’s suffrage movements. Few comparisons have been made between early Chinese feminism and early American
In order for semiconductor materials to be suitable for implementation in new and progressive devices they have to be of better electronic characteristics than currently used materials, and maintain these once treated and put into action. It is important to verify that bulk characteristics are not hindered at the surface when a given semiconductor is put in contact with another material due to nec
PtdIns-4,5-bisphosphate is a lipid messenger of eukaryotic cells playing critical roles in processes such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels and nuclear signalling pathways. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) are phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs). The moss Physcomitrella pate
Electric road systems (ERS) provide electric power to vehicles en route (dynamic charging) and can reduce the need for onboard battery capacity. This thesis sets out to examine the power demand of an ERS and the integration of energy storage in its power supply for grid load alleviation and backup power. Specifically, the analysis is based on the ongoing project to build a permanent ERS on a 21 km
