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I denna rapport diskuteras mjukvara som används för system bestående av automatiska maskiner som producerar produkter i ett företag. Testning är nödvändigt för att maskinerna ska fungera som planerat. Oftast görs testning manuellt, både under utveckling och medan produktionen är igång. Detta kallas för traditionell testning. Testning görs för att förbättra maskinens programkod. För att testen ska The topic of this thesis is software in systems of automated machines that produce products in a company. Testing of these systems is crucial for the machines to work as intended. Usually testing is done manually, both while the system is developed and while the production is running. This is called traditional testing. Testing is done to improve the machines program code. The machine needs to do

Varumärkesrätten är territoriell, till skillnad från Internet, en av våra idag viktigaste marknadsplatser, som är globalt. Ett resultat av varumärkesrättens territorialitet och det faktum att rättigheterna till ett varumärke följer registrerings- eller inarbetningslandets gränser är att det är möjligt för ett varumärke att ägas av olika innehavare i olika länder. Vilket kan leda till problem när sTrademark law is territorial, contrary to one of today’s most important market places - the Internet, which is a global medium. Since the exclusive right to a trademark follows the boundaries of its country of registration or incorporation, it is possible for the same trademarks to be registered by different owners in different countries, something that can lead to problems on the Internet. The bo

Scientific summary Satellite imagery has been used to produce highly accurate land cover maps, even effectively discriminating between vegetation types. While land cover classification based on differences in pixel values in one or more spectral bands is an effective way of mapping large areas, the coarse resolution of freely available satellite images is not suitable for mapping urban environment

Background: Logistics and distribution of sold goods have traditionally been individually handled by each company in the Wanxingda Group with minimal coordination on group level. The strong relationships between the companies within the group and their close geographical proximity to each other indicate that there might exist potential for closer collaboration in this area. Furthermore, many of th

Trap roads are a part of the Swedish railway facility and resembles the safest front- and side protection at speed above 160 km/h. When designing Trap roads, some regulations needs to be followed. As these, in some cases, may be contradictory towards each other, the planners become somewhat insecure. The purpose of the master thesis has thenceforth been to clarify for the planners, as well as to w

The transport sector is one of many markets facing new challenges in the pursuit of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The people at Volvo Powertrain in Malmö are continuously working to develop new and improved techniques that are able to live up to the ever-increasing legislations. A well performing turbocharger is an essential part of the combustion engine in order to reduce the fuel consumption

Requirements from consumers and governments to produce more sustainable products have increased during recent years. Even if products are certified, one cannot make sure companies meet these requirements, since no chain of events can verify this exists. The transportation industry lacks certification and information on whether a product is transported in a sustainable way. The food industry, on th

Skatteflyktsproblematiken visar sig i samtliga samhällsgrupper och på alla inkomstnivåer. I syfte att förhindra skatteflykt tillämpas bland annat en lagstiftad generalklausul, vilken återfinns i 2 § lag (1995:575) mot skatteflykt. Problematiken tar dock inte slut där. Skatteflyktslagen har kommit att bli omdebatterad och ifrågasatt, främst med utgångspunkt i oklarheter avseende dess tolkning och tThe problems revolving tax evasion can be seen in all social groups and on all levels of income. In order to prevent tax evasion, a general clause has been legislated in the second paragraph of the Tax Evasion Act (1995:575). However, the problems do not end there. The Tax Evasion Act has been heavily debated as well as criticised, mainly based on ambiguity relating to the interpretation and appli

The majority of the coastal area of Scania is highly susceptible to sediment transportation. Due to various influences which are both human induced and natural, the morphology of coastal dunes often alters. Therefore, it is important to assess these changes, especially after major cyclonic storms such as the storm Babet in order to get a comprehensive understanding of the aftermath. The purpose of

During recent decades, concern about the loss of biodiversity on agricultural land has increased, and semi-natural grasslands have been highlighted as critical habitats. Temperate European agricultural landscapes require distinct and appropriate management to prevent further impoverishment of the flora and fauna. This is especially urgent for pollinating insects that provide important ecosystem se

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of auditors at different career stages on current management control and the work environment. In order to gain a deeper analysis of the auditors' perspective, the study has used previous empirical research and theories of motivation and job satisfaction. Thus, two research questions have been formulated to support the study.

Title: “Language is access to everything” - A qualitative study of SFI-teachers' experience of the transition to digitalized distance education. Authors: Rania Elwan and Fitore Mehmeti Supervisor: Karin Kullberg Assessor: Maria Bergendal Arvidsson The purpose of the study is to investigate from teachers for Swedish for immigrants (SFI) perspective how the transition to digitalized distance ed

Radiotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, given to approximately half of all cancer patients in Sweden. Despite its widespread usage, there is currently no non-invasive and reliable imaging method that can identify regions of radiation resistance. These regions may be identified by hypoxia, given that radiobiological research has demonstrated a significant correlation between oxygen leve

Summariskt kan skiljeförfarandet beskrivas syfta till ett snabbt och slutligt avgörande av tvister utan insyn från utomstående. Med denna bakgrund är det av stor vikt för de involverade parterna att tvistelösningen inte efterföljs av en långdragen och offentlig process i allmän domstol. I svensk rätt finns därav ingen möjlighet att överklaga ett skiljeförfarande. Detta sätter stora krav på att skiCommercial arbitration can briefly be described as being designed to offer a quick and final conclusion to disputes without transparency for the public. With this in mind, it is of great importance that the verdict isn’t followed by long and public proceedings in court. Thus, the Swedish regulation doesn’t allow the losing party to appeal against the arbitrators’ verdict. This puts a heavy burden

Beer is produced by fermenting hopped wort with yeast. The raw materials are water, grain, hop and yeast. One source of taste and aroma in beer is hop, which is typically added during boiling. One reaction during boiling is that α-acid from hop is converted to iso-α-acid, which makes the beer bitterer. Iso-α-acid is responsible for bitterness in beer, but it might also be reacted to other bitter m

The project was performed for FAS Converting Machinery AB (FAS) in Ystad with supervision from Industriell Elektroteknik och Automation at LTH. FAS is a company that makes machines for producing plastic bags on a roll. The problem given was to develop a sensor for detecting the perforations in the bags to ensure that the correct amount of bags was rolled up and that the tearing was in the right pl

One of the most common reasons for a firm to merge is that a merger is believed to generate economic efficiency. This argument has different aspects as mergers may yield efficiency gains in various ways. Economists often distinguish between three different classes of efficiencies: Allocative efficiency, productive efficiency and dynamic efficiency. All three classes are relevant in the analysis of

Kosovo was administered by the UN for almost ten years before unilaterally declaring its independence on the 17th of February 2008. In order to gain support from some major international political players, the declaration of independence was made in line with a number of requirements, including continued external presences, resulting in a ''supervised independence''. These requirem

I syfte att åstadkomma den gemensamma inre marknaden, har EU-domstolen fastslagit att medlemsstaterna vid utövandet av sin lagstiftningsbehörighet gällande direkt beskattning måste iaktta unionsrätten. Inom unionsrätten finns etableringsfriheten, vilken kräver att etableringar inte får missgynnas beroende på var inom unionen etablering genomförs. Som huvudregel har det, i de nationella skattesysteIn most national tax legislations within EU, only groups of companies within the same Member State are allowed to consolidate their gains and losses within the group, which clearly treats foreign establishments unfairly and therefore disregards the freedom of establishment. After the Marks & Spencer case, it’s been clear that national tax law that only allows group relief between national comp

The removal of snow and ice from aircraft prior to take-off is a major task at all airports located in cold climates. Currently the removal of ice and snow is carried out using large amounts of costly and environmentally harmful glycol that is sprayed onto the outer surface of the aircraft. Tougher environmental regulations and a cost conscious market have created a growing need for alternative me