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PURPOSEOur aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk of the tumors classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as causally associated with smoking, referred to as tobacco-related cancers (TRC). METHODSThe study population included 441,211 participants (133,018 men and 308,193 women) from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. We inve

In the Western world, consumption of soft drinks has increased the last three decades and is partly responsible for the epidemic-like increase in obesity. Soft drinks, originally sweetened by sucrose, are now sweetened by other caloric sweeteners, such as fructose. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of sucrose, glucose or fructose solutions on food intake and body weight in rats,

PURPOSE: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that cause cellular damage and inflammation. We examined the content of GDPs in commercially available glucose-containing infusion fluids and investigated whether GDPs are found in patients' blood. METHODS: The content of GDPs was examined in infusion fluids by high-performance liquid chromatograp

The cortical representation of various body parts constantly changes based on the pattern of afferent nerve impulses. As peripheral nerve injury results in a cortical and subcortical reorganisation this has been suggested as one explanation for the poor clinical outcome seen after peripheral nerve repair in humans. Cutaneous anaesthesia of the forearm in healthy subjects and in patients with nerve

Findings in previous studies have suggested nitric oxide (NO) to be a regulator of mucociliary activity in the upper airways. The aim of the present investigation was to study whether a correlation exists between the nasal NO concentration and mucociliary function in patients suffering from respiratory tract diseases such as chronic sinusitis or recurrent pneumonia. Nasal NO was measured with a ch

The synthesis and contents of extracellular non-collagenous matrix macromolecules was studied in early and late human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage obtained at surgery for sarcomas in the lower extremities (normal and early OA) or for total knee replacement (late stage OA). The early OA samples were those that had some fibrillation in the joint by visual examination. One group had fibrillation in

Atmospheric deposition of N and S appears to have caused nutrient imbalance in Norway spruce stands in southern Sweden. This calls for a change of forest management to procedures that promote nutrient balance. Studies have shown lower soil acidity in Norway spruce/deciduous mixed stands than in spruce monocultures, but the tree nutrient status in such mixtures has not been much investigated so far

Protocols used for generation of mesencephalic dopamine (mesDA) neurons from stem cells, or fetal brain tissue, invariably result in cell preparations that are highly mixed in composition, containing mesDA neuron precursors in various states of fate commitment and differentiation. For further optimisation and refinement of these procedures it is essential to determine the optimal stage of developm

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy and noise properties of a novel time-resolved, three-dimensional, three-directional phase contrast sequence with variable velocity encoding (denoted 4D-vPC) on a 3 Tesla MR system, and to investigate potential benefits and limitations of variable velocity encoding with respect to depicting blood flow patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4D PC-MRI sequence was modified t

We and others have previously shown that inhibitor containing plasma from patients with congenital haemophilia A sometimes reacts less with von Willebrand factor (VWF) containing concentrates compared with highly purified plasma-derived or recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates. To further substantiate the haemostatic role of a variation in inhibitor reactivity with different FVIII concentra

Objective. To evaluate barriers to adherence to hypertension guidelines among publicly employed general practitioners (GPs). Design. Questionnaire-based survey distributed to GPs in 24 randomly selected primary care centres in the Region of Skåne in southern Sweden. Subjects. A total of 109 GPs received a self-administered questionnaire and 90 of them responded. Main outcome measures. Use of risk

Summary Inherited deficiencies in components of the classical complement pathway are strong disease susceptibility factors for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and there is a hierarchy among deficiency states, the strongest association being with C1q deficiency. We investigated the relative importance of the different complement pathways regarding clearance of apoptotic cells.

BACKGROUND: Constitutive promoters that ensure sustained and high level gene expression are basic research tools that have a wide range of applications, including studies of human embryology and drug discovery in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Numerous cellular/viral promoters that ensure sustained gene expression in various cell types have been identified but systematic comparison of their a

Impacts of extreme events caused by climate change, particularly heavy rains that lead tofloods and the prolonged recurrent droughts are now a regular occurance across the entireAfrican continent, hindering the region’s ability to be able to meet the MDGs by 2015. Africais already described as the most vulnerable and least prepared continent to these impacts andwith the lowest adaptive capacity le

Den process som följer efter att miljökonsekvensbeskrivningen (MKB) har utfärdats behandlas i för liten utsträckning och i Trafikverkets egen handbok för MKB beskrivs att integreringen av miljöfrågor i planerings- och projekteringsprocessen är en av de största utmaningarna. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga hur miljörisker i MKB hanteras i ett investeringsprojekts övergripande projekThe process that follows the environmental impact assessment (EIA) is treated in an insufficient extent and the Swedish Transport Administration's own manual for EIA describes that the integration of environmental issues in the planning and projection process is one of the largest challenges. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how environmental risks in the EIA is managed in a projec

En bostads primära funktion är att skapa en avgränsad miljö som ger skydd och komfort mot omvärlden. Enligt utsökningsbalkens bestämmelser ska bostäder utmätas i sista hand eller när annan utmätningsbar egendom saknas. Bestämmelserna kring utmätning av bostäder återfinns i 4:3 UB samt 5:1 6p UB. Vid ett tvångsingripande mot en enskilds bostad ska rätten till hem och äganderättsskyddet i EKMR respeThe primary function of an home is to create a isolated environment that provides comfort and protection against the outside world. According to utsökningsbalkens provisions, an home shall be seized as a last resort or when all other kinds of property is missing. The provisions regarding seizure of homes are found in 4:3 UB and 5:1 6p UB. At a coercive action against an individual's residence,

Förnyelsebar energi kan generera jobb i Tyskland Trots ökade elräkningar för hushåll och firmor kommer Tysklands satsningar att öka användandet av förnyelsebar energi kunna verka positivt för den tyska arbetsmarknaden. Fram till år 2030 kommer andelen förnyelsebar elektricitet i Tyskland att öka från dagens ca 30 % till ca 55 %, om republiken lyckas uppfylla sina ambitiösa mål. Även om detta koEmployment is a potential socioeconomic co-benefit of renewable energy deployment. However, renewable energy is often more expensive than conventional resources, putting pressure on the economy, and during an energy transition employments can be lost from the conventional energy sector, e.g. from phased out nuclear plants. The purpose of this study was to clear the field of whether a promotion of