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The topic of Basic Colour Terms (BCT) and their proposed universality has long been a source of debate within linguistics. Whether colour terms (as symbols) fill lexical gaps of presumed universal colour categories (as senses) or not is relevant for the debate regarding linguistic relativity: the hypothesis about the influence of language on the way we think. Until now, there has been a focus on
Ever since the EU’s sanctions against Russia were imposed in 2014, the bloc has managed to keep a united stance outwards. Under the surface, the measures have however generated sharp divisions among some of the Member States, where one faction wants to scrap the sanctions, while another faction wants to see them expanded. Divisions of this proportion are unprecedented in the EU’s sanctions history
Since the building stock stands for significant part of the EU’s total energy use, energy renovations are needed in order to lower the negative environmental impacts. In Sweden, only 1 % of the total building stock is newly built i.e. the focus should be directed upon existing buildings. Moreover, most of the buildings in the “Million Program” from 1970´s are in need of renovations in order to kee
Offentliga upphandlingar utgör en stor del av de svenska och europeiska marknaderna och har sedan länge varit föremål för reglering som bland annat ska minska risken för korruption och säkerställa ett effektivt utnyttjande av offentliga medel. Sedan Sveriges tillträde i Europeiska ekonomiska samarbetsområdet 1992 har upphandlingsreglerna utgått från dem som framarbetats av Europeiska unionen. Det Public procurement constitutes a large part of Swedish and European markets and has since long been subject to regulation in order to, inter alia, decrease the risk of corruption and securing an effective use of public means. Since Sweden’s entry to the European Economic Area in 1992, existing rules of public procurement have originated from the rules drafted by the European Union. There exists a
I Sverige råder strandskydd vid alla vattensamlingar och vattendrag. Lagstift-ningen är ett resultat av en rättsutveckling som pågått sedan 1940-talet. År 1974 fick Sverige ett generellt strandskydd med möjlighet för dispens för den enskilde. Under 1990-talet utvecklades strandskyddets syften till att även omfatta skydd för djur- och växtarter. Idag debatteras strandskyddets framtid i riksmedia oc
Att narkotikabruket är kriminaliserat enligt 1 § 6 p. narkotikastrafflagen innebär att de individer som (miss)brukar narkotika berövas sin frihet genom straff om de upptäcks. Ett sådant frihetsberövande är den mest ingripande åtgärden staten äger att utöva gentemot samhällets medborgare. Makten innebär därför att staten bör förhålla sig restriktiv i sin användning av sanktioner och endast straffbeThe fact that drug use is criminalized under article 1 (6) of the Narcotic Drugs Penal Law means that individuals who use drugs are deprived of their freedom trough punishment if they are discovered. Such deprivation of liberty is the most intrusive measure the state has to exercise towards members of the society. The authorithy therefore means that the state should be restrictive in its use of sa
Under 2018 dödades 22 kvinnor och 4 män i Sverige av en närstående de är eller har varit i relation med. Våld kan förekomma i olika typer av relationer och följer samma mönster oavsett parternas sexualitet eller inneboende maktrelation. Genom systematisk psykisk nedbrytning och isolering normaliseras våldet i relationen. Under vissa förhållanden har en person som utsätts för ett pågående eller öve
Immune function is an important parameter in almost all organisms which determines their ability to survive and fight off pathogens. Immune function (like other physiological functions) is temperature dependent. So that opens the question of how immune function is in poikilotherms. Being poikilotherm means that the species depends on the ambient temperature for body heat regulation. I used crucian
Sverige har inte befunnit sig i krig på mer än 200 år. Detta till trots, har svensk domstol sedan sekelskiftet handlagt mål som rör krigsförbrytelse. Målen härrör från våldsamma konflikter, såsom i Syrien och Irak, och svensk domstol ställs inför svåra frågor i samband med lagföringen av bland annat svenska medborgare som färdats till konfliktområdet och där deltagit i stridigheterna. VåldsanvänEven though Sweden has not been at war for more than 200 years, Swedish courts have since the turn of the century had to deal with cases involving war crimes. Swedish courts are faced with difficult questions in connection with the prosecution of, among others, Swedish citizens who has travelled to conflict areas, such as Syria and Iraq, and participated in the warfare. The use of force in an arm
Background: Potato late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans can lead to immense yield loss. We investigated the transcriptome of Solanum tubersoum (cv. Desiree) and characterized the secretome by quantitative proteomics after foliar application of the protective agent phosphite. We also studied the distribution of phosphite in planta after application and tested transgeni
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen found in children with upper respiratory tract infections, and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during exacerbations. The bacterial species is often isolated together with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are released by M. catarrhalis and contain phospholipids, adhesins, and immunomo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste maligna sjukdomen hos kvinnor i världen. Årligen insjuknar mer än 7300 kvinnor i Sverige, vilket innebär nästan 30 % av all kvinnlig cancer. Mer än 80 000 kvinnor i Sverige är friska efter att ha blivit behandlade för bröstcancer, och cirka 3000 kvinnor lever med återfall av sjukdomen. Prognosen har förbättrats de senaste decennierna, delviRadiotherapy (RT) after mastectomy has been part of the treatment for early breast cancer since the 1940s. The treatment reduces the risk of loco-regional recurrences, but implies risk of late side effects that can begin decades after RT. Aims of the thesis were: - To analyse the long term effects of postmastectomy radiotherapy and systemic treatment for 1100 stage II breast cancer patients in t
The indoor climate in buildings has changed in the last decade due to more efficient climatic systems, floor heating systems and larger open floor areas with more natural light. All this has induced increasing ranges of relative humidity between different seasons. Also with decreasing relative humidity (in the winter 30-50% RH, in the summer 70-90% RH), floor-heating systems increase the temper
Signaling of platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) is critically involved in the development of gliomas. However, the clinical relevance of PDGFRA expression in glioma subtypes and the mechanisms of PDGFRA expression in gliomas have been controversial. Under the supervision of morphological diagnosis, analysis of the GSE16011 and the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (R
Objective. This study aimed to survey current Swedish practices for performing and handling transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies. Material and methods. A Swedish Urology Network (SUNe) was organized for the distribution of information, survey studies and research collaborations. A web-based questionnaire was distributed to the members in 2011. Results. In this first SUNe survey, 137 (91
Natural disturbances play a key role in ecosystem dynamics and are important factors for sustainable forest ecosystem management. Quantitative models are frequently employed to tackle the complexities associated with disturbance processes. Here we review the wide variety of approaches to modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems, addressing the full spectrum of disturbance modelling from
For construction in rock a thorough pre-investigation is important in order to avoid unforeseen conditions which may delay the work. It is crucial to remember the results from this investigation in the further work, and use the experience from the construction to update the geological prognosis and reduce the uncertainties. Different geophysical methods have proved valuable tools in such investiga
Physical properties of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified crosslinked polyacrylic acids change quite extensively as the polymer is charged up. A study is carried out concerning the similarities between two polymer ionization processes, that is, by pH increment and anionic surfactant addition. The two processes charge the polymer by distinctly different mechanisms. At sufficiently high p
The sex-dependent effect of environmental conditions on nestlings has been extensively studied in size dimorphic birds. Whether males or females are more sensitive to poor conditions is not yet clear; however, the degree of sexual size-dimorphism, brood size and their interactions seem to influence the pattern. Much less is known about sex-dependent environmental sensitivity in size-monomorphic sp
A more detailed mechanistic understanding of how low molecular weight (MW) carbon (C) substrates are mineralized within the rhizosphere by soil microbial communities is crucial to accurately model terrestrial C fluxes. Currently, most experiments regarding soil C dynamics are conducted ex-situ (laboratory) and can fail to account for key variables (e.g. temperature and soil water content) which va
