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Access to fresh water is essential for the lives of organisms and for human activities. However, with a growing population that strives after a higher standard of living, the pressure on already limited resources will rise. Lake Chad is one out of many diminishing lakes in the world where the call for action is urgent to prevent ecosystem degradation, famine, and outbreak of war. The lake has shru

Ukraine is at a cross roads. Several important decisions are needed to be made and carried out in a short time to secure the future of their in many cases broken and inefficient district heating systems (DHS), which heat the homes and offices of millions Ukrainians today. To make matters worse they have foreign interests panting down their necks with demands of payments regarding gas bought and im

I Sverige har vi idag en civilrättslig diskrimineringslag (2008:567) som täcker en rad samhällsområden och sju olika diskrimineringsgrunder. Denna lag är resultatet av att en samling lagar mot diskriminering som kom till runt millennieskiftet slogs samman och delvis förändrades. Lagen innehåller diskrimineringsförbud och aktiva åtgärder och dess syfte är att ”motverka diskriminering och på andra sSweden currently has a civil law against discrimination (2008:567) that covers several aspects of society and seven different grounds for discrimination. This law is the product of the consolidation – and to some extent modification – of a number of laws primarily passed between 1999 and 2006. The law contains prohibitions against discrimination and proscribes certain active measures to foster equ

En förutsättning för att ett beteende ska kriminaliseras är att det tänkta straffbudet avser ett identifierat och konkretiserat intresse som är skyddsvärt, det vill säga godtagbart. Ett godtagbart skyddsintresse kan definieras som det värde som skyddas i ett visst straffbud. Föreställningarna om skyddsintresse har systematisk betydelse för indelningen av brottstyper. Att finna arten av det intressA prerequisite for a behavior to be criminalized is that the intended criminal law provision applies to an identified and concretized interest that should be protected. An acceptable protective interest can be defined as the value protected in a particular criminal law provision. The concepts of protective interests have a systematic significance for the classification of the type of crime. Determ

Exploring the sex and gender differences in the human brain Sex and gender differences in human brain are both of scientific and societal interest, and impact a wide range of physiological processes, including brain development, behaviour, and disease risk. Currently, sex is defined as biological attributes due to the presence in the person’s genome of XX or XY chromosomes, while the gender ident

The effects of global warming are apparent and the work towards a sustainable future is underway. In order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the transportation sector, a transition from fossil fuels to those based on renewable resources are important. Using agricultural land to produce raw materials, e.g. wheat or corn, for biofuel is controversial as it competes with food production. F

Sedan de stora migrationsströmmarna nådde Sverige under sommaren 2015 har åter igen de migrationsrättsliga frågorna blivit aktuella. Till följd av detta har en rapport visat att migrationsverket hanterat asylansökningar på ett bristfälligt sätt. Bristerna har främst hänfört sig till frågor rörande rättssäkerhet. Utöver detta har ytterligare en aspekt uppmärksammats och det är den om rikets säkerheSince the major migration flows reached Sweden in the summer of 2015, have once again the immigration legal questions become the subject of public debate. As a result, a report showed that the Swedish Migration Agency handled asylum applications in a flawed manner. The flaws have mostly referred to the issues of the rule of law. In addition to this, a further aspect has also received attention and

Conservation Voltage Reduction, or short just CVR, is a technique in which the reference voltage at a substation is lowered a few percent in order to conserve energy and decrease peak demand in an electrical distribution grid. Thus, CVR can be used when the energy or power capacity can't be satisfied by the feeding grid. Energy capacity has been a recurring topic in Sweden for a long time with

År 2011 infördes entreprenörskap i den svenska skolans läroplaner. På 1980-talet ansågs dock utbildningsorganisationen Ung Företagsamhet (UF), som fokuserar på entreprenörskapsutbildning för ungdomar, vara ideologiskt kontroversiell. Under loppet av 30 år har synen på entreprenörskap och UF:s status förändrats i grunden. Denna avhandling undersöker hur och varför entreprenörskap blev ett kunskapsoIn 2011, entrepreneurship was added to the curricula of Swedish schools at all levels. In the 1980s, however, the educational organization Junior Achievement (JA), that focuses on entrepreneurship education for young people, was considered ideologically controversial. Over the course of 30 years, the view of entrepreneurship and the status of JA has changed fundamentally. This thesis investigates

Gambling and the national gambling markets has so far not been harmonised through any Community law regulation or directive. Instead gambling is covered by the general principles of Community provisions for the free movement of services article 49, and the closely connected article 43 regulating the freedom of establishment. This has been established through the case law of the ECJ. The Member Sta

Denna uppsats har klargjort utvecklingen av våldtäktsdefinitionen och det rättsliga skyddet mot våldtäkter i väpnade konflikter sedan 1900-talet. En rättsdogmatisk metod har använts med betoning på folkrättens rättskällelära, där två centrala frågeställningar har granskats. Denna studie har utrett gällande rätt, inklusive tre banbrytande rättsfall: Akayesu, Furundžija och Kunarac. Uppfattningen This thesis has clarified the development of the definition of rape and the legal protection against rape in armed conflicts since the 1900s. A legal dogmatic method has been used with an emphasis on the sources of law in international law, where two central research questions have been reviewed. This study has examined current law, including three groundbreaking legal cases: Akayesu, Furundžija a

The purpose of this report is to examine whether there is any connection between the multi-storey wooden buildings, industrial construction and environmental impact. In the early 1960’s prefabricated parts were used to build “Miljonprogrammet”. This led to the streamlining of the construction process but the houses were often ill-suited for those who would live in them. Traditional building became

Betsafe is still a young company that have seen a great success in a short span of time. To remain successful it is therefore important that they don’t become complacent and remain visionary. However, a successful company must also balance its risk‐taking. In the end it is vital to find the right opportunities that fits the company and of course to be able to make the right decisions. In this proj

I vårt samhälle har produkters utseende och design kommit att bli allt mer viktigt. I takt med denna utveckling har också värdet på design ökat och behovet av skydd för design blivit större. Idag kan industridesign skyddas genom en rad lagar och förordningar på immaterialrättens område. Det skydd som lagstiftaren primärt avsett för formgivning och design är dock det mönsterrättsliga skyddet. I denIn the society we live in today the design of products has become more and more important. This development has resulted in an increased value for good design and the need for protection of design is now even more important than before. Industrial design can nowadays be protected through several types of legislation providing intellectual property rights. The type of protection that the legislator

The CSDDD, the EU’s mandatory due diligence directive, is a landmark addition to the EU’s corporate sustainability framework that transforms previously voluntary norms into binding law. Its mandatory due diligence obligations require companies to identify, assess, and address adverse human rights and environmental impacts in their chain of activities, both within and outside the EU. The aim is to

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är inriktad på metoder för att förbättra och utvärdera infrastrukturer för geografiska data (eng. Spatial Data Infrastructure). Syftet har varit trefaldigt: att utveckla ett ramverk för hantering och utvärdering av en infrastruktur, att förbättra tillgängligheten av geografiska data i en infrastruktur, och för att förbättra kartografi i visningstjänsterThis thesis mainly focuses on methods for improving and evaluating Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). The aim has been threefold: to develop a framework for the management and evaluation of an SDI, to improve the accessibility of spatial data in an SDI, and to improve the cartography in view services in an SDI. Spatial Data Infrastructure has been identified as an umbrella covering spatial data

Popular Abstract in Swedish Uppskattningsvis 30 % av befolkningen i industrialiserade länder drabbas varje år av förgiftningar och infektioner överförda via livsmedel och frekvensen i utvecklingsländer tros vara högre. För att kunna producera säker mat behövs mer kunskap om vilka egenskaper hos livsmedelsburna patogener, dvs. sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer som gör oss sjuka. Dessa egenskaperThe development of new, minimally processed food products challenges traditional concepts of food safety. How pathogenic bacteria behave in these new matrices is not known. To fill this knowledge gap and enable the production of food that is safe for the consumer, more information on virulence expression of pathogens in food matrices is required. In this thesis, the impact of environmental factors

In current recommendations from FAO/WHO, foods that elicit low glycaemic responses and thus have low glycaemic indices (GIs) are advocated. The rationale for this recommendation is that low-GI diets have been shown to reduce risk factors for e.g. type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A major problem in this context is that most important starch rich staple foods in our diet, such as potato

Background Hazardous drinking has been associated with an increased postoperative complication rate after surgery. Common complications include postoperative infections, cardiopulmonary complications, and bleeding episodes. Preoperative abstinence may to some degree reverse alcohol-induced pathophysiological processes and thus prevent postoperative complications. Objectives To assess the effect of

Introduction: Ischemic stroke incidence appears to have decreased during the last decades, but most studies focus on the first-ever events and epidemiological data on recurrent stroke are scarce. The aim of our study was to investigate trends in incidence, risk factors, and medication in patients with first-ever and recurrent ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2019 in Sweden. Methods: We included pa