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BACKGROUND: Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980-2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories.M

The Ulysses spacecraft has been orbiting the Sun on a highly inclined ellipse (i = 79 degrees, perihelion distance 1.3 AU, aphelion distance 5.4 AU) since it encountered Jupiter in 1992. Between January 2000 and December 2004, the spacecraft completed almost an entire revolution about the Sun, passing through perihelion in May 2001 and aphelion in July 2004. In this five-year period the dust detec

Since 2007, Intelligent Energy (IE) has been involved in developing technologies and services in the hydrogen generation space with E.ON Gas Sverige AB and Swedish Gas Centre. The aim of this work is to support the development of a high-profile demonstration of hydrogen generation technologies in a Swedish context. The overall objective of the demonstration is to deploy a reforming based hydrogen

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen innefattar 5 fristående artiklar samt en slutlig sammanfattning av samtliga arbeten. Arbetet behandlar textilproduktion under yngre järnålder framförallt vikingatid. Textilproduktionen har beaktats utifrån de textilredskap som påträffats vid utgrävningar av bosättningar i Skåne, Mälardalsområdet samt Birka, Sverige och Hedeby nuvarande Tyskland. Redskapen oThe initial aim of the present PhD thesis was to develop the method of classification for textile tools to facilitate the study of textile production in an archaeological context. The thesis consists of five separate projects and a concluding summary. The study covers the late Iron Age, mainly the Viking Period. Geographically, the study covers the regions of Scania, in S.W. Sweden, with seven set

Hematopoiesis is initiated by a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow (BM). HSCs give rise to red blood cells and white blood cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, while the myeloid and lymphoid cells are essentially required for immune responses. The HSCs reside in special niches in t

This thesis focuses on the possibilities to reduce fouling by 1.Modifying the stainless steel surface. For this purpose, surfaces modified with state-of-the-art material science techniques, such as SiF3+ and MoS22+ ion implantation, Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) sputtering, DLC, DLC-Si-O and SiOx Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD), autocatalytic Ni-P-PTFE and silica coating, have been

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur avtalsmekanismen I AvtL påverkas av den ökande digitaliseringen i samhället. Uppsatsen avser även att undersöka hur den ökade användningen av AI, som på vissa sätt har en nära koppling till digitaliseringen, påverkar avtalsmekanismen. AvtL har länge kritiserats för att vara gammal och ineffektiv men på senare år har mer positiva ståndpunkter yttrats. UppsaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the ways that the Swedish Contracts Act on the formation of contracts is affected by the increasing digitalization in our society. The study also aims to investigate how the increased use of AI, which in some ways is closely correlated to digitalization, effects the formation on contracts. The Swedish Contracts Act has long been critiqued for being old a

Den svenska narkotikastrafflagen reglerar tillsammans med andra relevanta lagar, exempelvis smugglingslagen, den straffrättsliga kontrollen av narkotika. NSL har sedan införandet 1968 genomgått ändringar, samtliga i straffskärpande riktning. Idag har Sverige en starkt repressiv och hårt kontrollerande lagstiftning beträffande narkotika jämfört med andra europeiska länder. När nätdroger under 200The Swedish penal law on narcotics (NSL) governs the control of narcotics through criminal law alongside other relevant laws, such as law on penalties for smuggling. NSL has since it came into effect undergone adjustments, all of them in a penalty sharpening direction. Today, Sweden has a repressive and hard-controlling legislation on narcotics in comparison to other European countries. As drugs

Published Data from the European Investment Bank and the Audiovisual Observatory in EU implies that the U.S. made Audiovisuals has dragged down European Audiovisuals' market share in EU market. Apparently, the constant situation is rising up some concerns about the future of the industry and the cultural, social and economical externalities. Considering the double nature of Audiovisuals and th

A need for autonomous electro-mechanical machines performing tasks that can save human efforts and even be deployed in hazardous environments along with the research in the field of human mind and body has led to new fields often called AI Robotics. To provide a mean for stimulating students and researchers around the world for promotion of this new field, an annual world championship, Robocup, ha

As a food processing lines manufacturer with diverse product complexity, an understanding of fluid dynamics in a pipe system corresponding to the rheological properties and flow behavior is substantial. This will be beneficial to design suitable equipment and prevent processing-related issues, i.e. lowering filling performance, over-dimensioning pumps, excess energy consumption, etc. Therefore, th

Om den tilltalade inte har förstått innebörden av sin gärning och inte har kunnat anpassa sitt handlande därefter, anses personen vara otillräknelig. I de flesta andra rättsordningar innebär det att den tilltalade inte kan dömas för brott, men svensk rätt saknar ett krav på tillräknelighet sedan brottsbalken trädde i kraft 1965. Sverige intar en särställning genom att samtliga kan bli föremål för If the defendant has not understood the meaning of their act and has not been able to adapt their actions accordingly, the person is deemed legally non-imputable. In most other legal systems, this means that the defendant cannot be liable, but since the Criminal Code entered into force 1965, Swedish law lacks a demand for imputability. Sweden has a peculiar regulation on the matters and everyone c

Under de senaste decennierna har utvecklingen av metoder för assisterad befruktning gått snabbt framåt och numera kan många som lider av ofrivillig barnlöshet få hjälp att få barn genom dessa metoder. Begränsningar i både svensk och finsk lagstiftning medför dock att alla ofrivilligt barnlösa inte kan få barn genom assisterad befruktning. Dessa begränsningar drabbar främst olikkönade par där kvinnIn the past few decades, the development of methods for assisted reproduction has progressed rapidly and nowadays many people suffering from infertility can be helped to have children through these methods. However, limitations in both Swedish and Finnish legislation mean that all infertile cannot have children through assisted reproduction. These limitations affect mainly different-sex couples wh

Guardian proteins help or hinder clumpy proteins? Proteins are products encoded by DNA in cells. They need to be folded in a certain structure to perform their function in the cell. Because of this, the proteins need a quality control system to ensure that they are folded correctly. A large group of proteins called as chaperones are important in this regard. The main role of chaperones is to fold

Vulnerability to climate change and the capacity to adapt to it are the result of intersecting power structures, system dynamics, and social identity markers otherwise known as intersectionality; and thus, differ greatly between contexts. However, despite the stark contextual differences between small and metropolitan cities, and lower and higher income countries, the policy and study of climate c

In past years, the demand for an indirect extraction of respiration and the interest in a joint study of respiratory and cardiac systems represented the driving forces for the development of Electrocardiogram Derived Respiration (EDR) algorithms. The main advantage of them consists in deriving a sufficiently reliable surrogate respiratory signal by only exploiting the normal electrocardiogram (ECG

Ett led i strävan mot en harmonisering av den internationella köprätten utgör United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) som trädde i kraft den 1 januari 1988. CISG har i skrivande stund ratificerats av 89 stater och är dispositiv lagstiftning för majoriteten av alla internationella avtal om varuköp. Något som diskuterades flitigt vid antagandet av konventionOne step in the pursuit of a harmonization of the rules regulating international sale of goods is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), which entered into force on January 1, 1988. As of today, 89 states have ratified the CISG and it is optional law for the majority of all contracts on the international sale of goods. A question highly debated at th

Purpose: With increasing obesity rates and the change of beauty ideals within society, the plus-size fashion market currently enjoys a massive upturn and many established fashion retailers realise the opportunities within this ever more important segment. However, the integration of plus-size brands can be challenging as being plus-size is still connected to a stigma. Therefore, it is surprising t

Vattenkraften utgör ungefär 45 % av Sveriges elproduktion och har varit en stabil energikälla med lågt koldioxidutsläpp under lång tid. Med ett allt större inslag av intermittenta energislag i elsystemet, fyller vattenkraften också en viktig funktion med sin reglerförmåga för balansering. Trots sina fördelar som en lagringsbar energikälla är det tydligt att vattenkraften har negativa effekter på SHydropower stands for around 45 % of Sweden’s electricity production and has been a stable energy source with low carbon emissions for a long time. With increasing share of intermittent energy sources in the electricity system, hydropower also plays a crucial role in balancing the grid. Despite its advantages as a storable energy source, it is clear that hydropower has negative effects on Sweden’s

In 2016, after decades of armed conflict, the Colombian government signed a peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army (FARC - EP). Nevertheless, the hopes for peace have not been realised, since violence, assassinations of social leaders, displacement of local communities and environmental degradation still occur. New groups are taking over the areas forme