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With the recent expansions of the European Union, there are now 12 new member states that are implementing European policy. One of these policies, with implications for energy production and security, is the Common Agricultural Policy. This article will focus on the impact the Common Agricultural Policy can have on farmers in Poland who have been encouraged by calls to cultivate energy crops. In a

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The thin-plate spline (TPS) has been widely used in a number of areas such as image warping, shape analysis and scattered data interpolation. Introduced by Bookstein (IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11(6):567–585 1989), it is a natural interpolating function in two dimensions, parameterized by a finite number of landmarks. However, even though the thin-plate spline has a very intuitive int

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It is argued that the Achilles heel of contemporary sociology – and great parts of social science – is a) weak theory development, and b) absence of a meta-theory providing a common platform and a shared goal for its practitioners, fostering cumulativity. A meta-theory called causal realism (a variant of critical realism) is suggested for these purposes. The main tenets and key concepts of realism

Much of the progress in astronomy follows imaging with improved resolution. In observing stars, current capabilities are only marginal in beginning to image the disks of a few, although many stars will appear as surface objects for baselines of hundreds of meters. Since atmospheric turbulence makes ground-based phase interferometry challenging for such long baselines, kilometric space telescope cl

Early growth and differentiation of the pancreatic endoderm is regulated by soluble factors from the pancreatic mesenchyme. Previously, we demonstrated that N-cadherin-deficient mice lack a dorsal pancreas, due to a critical role of N-cadherin in dorsal pancreatic mesenchymal cell survival. Here, we show that restoring cardiac and circulatory function in N-cadherin null mice by cardiac-specific ex

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Benskörhet (osteoporos) är en sjukdom som karaktäriseras av minskad mängd benmassa och försämrad benkvalitet. Benskörhet leder till en ökad risk för frakturer. Förekomsten av benskörhet har fördubblats under de senaste decennierna. Upp till en tiondel av alla män och en fjärdedel av alla kvinnor lider av sjukdomen. Ökningen av benskörhet i samhället kan delvis förklarasThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate long-term changes in bone mass and skeletal structure in the forearm in the peri- and postmenopausal period. 156 premenopausal women, at baseline aged 48 years, not taking medications and without disease processes known to interfere with bone metabolism, were followed through menopause by measurements of bone mass and skeletal structure at the cortical site o

Designs for Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are quite well advanced,but the requirements of instruments have had limited impact. Sinceprovision of a suitable environment for instruments is a critical aspectof all telescopes, we outline some well-known and some less-appreciatedchallenges of designing instruments for ELTs. A wide-field spectrometer(WFSPEC) with ~10 arcmin field-of-view, probably w

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