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This chapter describes and analyses the development of Sweden’s high-speed train (HST), the X2000, as a case of public technology procurement. The case study is based mainly on primary data collected in recent (1997) interviews with some of the main actors involved in the procurement process, but it also draws upon relevant secondary sources. The analysis employs evaluative criteria defined from t
Zirconium alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry because of their high strength, good corrosion resistance and low neutron absorption cross-section. Zirconium has a strong affinity for hydrogen, however, and if hydrogen concentration builds up, the material will gradually degrade. In one class of such hydrogen caused degradation, called hydride induced embrittlement, hydrogen chemically re
In October 2022, the European Commission announced a legislative proposal to make instant payments in euro available to all citizens with a bank account in the EU and EEA countries. When adopting new payment technologies, it can be challenging to balance security and convenience. Consideration must be given to whether compromised security is an unavoidable effect of instant payments or if both obj
As aquaculture expands, the volume of fish feed produced and transported must also increase. Therefore a better understanding and increased control of the factors that influence the physical quality of feed pellets is required. To achieve this goal, reliable methods measuring the physical quality of feed are needed. The Holmen pellet tester (NHP 100) could be adapted for this purpose, but the spec
Background: Severe diminished foot somatosensation, for example, caused by neuropathies and advanced aging, contributes to balance deficits and increased fall risk. However, little is known about somatosensory impairment and functional and subjective balance problems in relatively healthy elderly. Method: Vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) were assessed with a biothesiometer and tactile pressu
Popular Abstract in English Colors have always been part of human life and culture. Today natural pigments have been substituted by synthetic dyes that usually end up threatening nature itself by polluting the environment. To what extent can we use chemistry and biology to minimize the environmental impact of the textile industry? During the dyeing process a certain amount of dye, 2 to 50 percent,Treatment of textile wastewater is challenging because the water contains toxic compounds that have low biodegradability. Dyes, detergents, surfactants, biocides and more are used to improve the textile process and to make the clothes resistant to physical, chemical and biological agents. New technologies have been developed in the last decades and in particular Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Pareto optimality is a concept that formalises the trade-off between a given set of mutually contradicting objectives. A solution is said to be Pareto optimal when it is not possible to improve one objective without deteriorating at least one of the other. A set of Pareto optimal solutions constitute the Pareto front. The Pareto concept applies well to the inverse planning process, which involves
Bioethanol from sugarcane is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, and the increasing demand for fuel ethanol has prompted studies on the use of the lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane, namely bagasse and leaves, as new feedstock. This thesis describes various process designs and the economic feasibility of producing second generation (2G) ethanol from bagasse and leaves via the enzymatic r
Ramjet propulsion is commonly preferred to power supersonic and hypersonic vehicles for cruising faster than Mach 3. This is an elegant solution owing to the lean architecture which does not embody any rotating parts. Although the geometry of the engine is simple as compared to turbine based configurations, the flow physics through the engine duct is quite complex and the flow speeds modulate betw
Thermal design of electric traction machines for high performance HEV drivetrains is a challenging task. Unlike conventional HEV traction machines, these machines are subject to continuous operation at or near their thermal limits during race-track driving, and so thermal management is of paramount importance to the mass and size of the machine. This article presents the main challenges related to
Studies the origin of the Inventio Crucis legend: the historical events behind it as well as its textual sources and antecedents. A literary interpretation of the text is then attempted, showing that the legend is influenced by Jewish traditions and adversus Iudaeos treatises. Finally, the liturgical texts used to celebrate Inventio Crucis in the Middle Ages are surveyed. Three versions of the Lat
